现代分子生物学技术在动物肠道微生物多样性研究中的应用

现代分子生物技术的蓬勃发展解决了不可培养微生物研究的难题,使得肠道微生物的研究进入一个新的阶段.本文主要介绍了基于16SrRNA的分子分析技术,包括DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳),TGGE(温度梯度凝胶电泳),SSCP(单链构象多态性),RFLP(限制性片段长度多态性)等肠道微生物研究工作中常用的分子生物学技术方法、适用范围及可能的发展方向,为动物肠道微生物区系的进一步研究及开发应用提供帮助.表1参42     

高功率微波武器对C^4ISR系统毁伤效应研究

复杂电磁环境下电子设备易感性问题已引起广泛的关注,特别是军用C4ISR．系统对电子设备的依赖性,使得电磁脉冲的威胁进一步增大。对电磁脉冲的毁伤机理进行了阐述,概叙了电子器件毁伤的特征阈值,并从电磁脉冲对C^4ISR系统信息源的威胁、对计算机系统网络的威胁以及对C4ISR通信网络的威胁等方面分析了高功率微波武器对作战系统的影响,最后提出了防御电磁脉冲的具体防护措施。     

C4ISR系统电磁脉冲防护方法

随着科技的发展,在现代高技术条件下的局部战争中,C4ISR(指挥自动化)系统的作用越来越重要,其面临的威胁也越来越大,介绍了电磁脉冲防护的重要意义,着重探讨了复杂的电磁环境对C4ISR系统设备的影响,并从电磁脉冲的作用方式入手深入地分析了其作用机理,针对强电磁脉冲的作用提出了屏蔽、频域控制及时间回避等5种防护方法。     

Emerging trends in informal sector recycling in developing and transition countries

Optimistic estimates suggest that only 30–70% of waste generated in cities of developing countries is collected for disposal. As a result, uncollected waste is often disposed of into open dumps, along the streets or into water bodies. Quite often, this practice induces environmental degradation and public health risks. Notwithstanding, such practices also make waste materials readily available for itinerant waste pickers. These ‘scavengers’ as they are called, therefore perceive waste as a resource, for income generation. Literature suggests that Informal Sector Recycling (ISR) activity can bring other benefits such as, economic growth, litter control and resources conservation. This paper critically reviews trends in ISR activities in selected developing and transition countries. ISR often survives in very hostile social and physical environments largely because of negative Government and public attitude. Rather than being stigmatised, the sector should be recognised as an important element for achievement of sustainable waste management in developing countries. One solution to this problem could be the integration of ISR into the formal waste management system. To achieve ISR integration, this paper highlights six crucial aspects from literature: social acceptance, political will, mobilisation of cooperatives, partnerships with private enterprises, management and technical skills, as well as legal protection measures. It is important to note that not every country will have the wherewithal to achieve social inclusion and so the level of integration must be ‘flexible’. In addition, the structure of the ISR should not be based on a ‘universal’ model but should instead take into account local contexts and conditions.     

废弃轮胎制备热解炭对醋糟厌氧产甲烷性能的提升效果研究

醋糟在酿造行业中大量产生,除少量用于饲料添加外,大部分成为生物质废弃物,适合于厌氧产沼方式进行能源化处理,但较低的产气量又成为制约厌氧消化工艺应用的主要因素.本研究发现利用废弃轮胎热解过程产生的热解炭,可有效提升醋糟厌氧产甲烷效果,在接种比为1：1（以VS计）时,产甲烷效果最优,相对于未投加热解炭的对照组,甲烷产率提高56%,达到283 mL·g^-1;进一步对热解炭制备温度和投加量影响产甲烷效果进行了研究,结果表明,在接种比为1：1的条件下,热解炭投加量越多,热解温度越高,甲烷产率提升效果越明显,本研究中,当热解炭投加量为12 g,热解温度为1000℃时,甲烷产率相比对照组提升104.4%.通过高通量测序分析,同时结合热解炭本身特性表征,进一步证实热解炭投加可提升水解产酸菌和厌氧产甲烷菌丰度,而其热解炭本身的导电性能可能在增强菌群间互营产甲烷过程中发挥重要作用.