利用电除尘器降低蓄电池生产中铅尘排放量研究

阐述了利用电除尘器降低蓄电池铅尘排放量的方法和效果     

上海市大气中非甲烷烃与机动车尾气排放研究

采用特征性化合物法和统计法相结合的方法,对上海市大气中非甲烷烃(NMHC)与作为机动车尾气特征性化合物的CO与Pb进行了相关性分析。结果发现,NMHC与Pb在显著性水平0.01下显著性相关,相关系数达到0.593(n=18);NMHC与CO小时均值相关系数达到0.495(n=2329),日均值相关系数达到0.581(n=114)。从而判断机动车尾气排放已经逐渐成为上海市大气中NMHC的主要贡献者。     

显像管玻壳铅尘污染特性的研究

以石家庄市显像管玻壳厂排放的铅尘为研究对象，通过在该玻壳厂周围土壤布点采样，较系统地研究了铅尘在大气和周围土壤中的迁移和转化规律，研究表明，用高斯模式能成功地预测铅尘在大气中的迁移扩散规律，玻壳厂周围土壤表层铅含量较大值出现在当地年主导风向（SSE，N）下风向，铅在土壤中的分布主要集中在0－20cm的耕作层，在20－40cm深度范围内，铅含量呈下降趋势，最大降幅达50％。     

铅芯橡胶支座等效线性分析模型参数的研究

针对目前铅芯橡胶支座等效线性分析模型动力参数选取不够合理的现状 ,笔者通过对铅芯橡胶支座水平动态试验分析 ,系统研究了铅芯橡胶支座等效线性分析模型参数与其几何结构及外加动力荷载特性的关系。研究结果表明 :铅芯橡胶支座等效线性分析模型参数 (水平耗能、等效刚度及等效阻尼比 )主要由其本身的几何构造及组成材料决定 ,且在往复加、卸载循环过程中具有较好的稳定性。笔者对试验数据进行数学统计分析 ,归纳出一些经验公式 ,为其等效线性化动力分析模型参数的合理选取提供了计算方法 ,从而提高其动力分析结果的安全性。     

某铅锌尾矿库周边地下水污染特征与评价

通过对西南某铅锌矿尾矿库周围地下水土壤重金属元素含量的测定,研究、评价该尾矿库及其周围的浅层和深层地下水重金属污染、迁移特征及规律,为该类尾矿库工程设计、地下水预防和防治提供科学依据。结果表明：尾矿库下游的浅层地下水的铅和锌超标,尾矿库上游浅层地下水和尾矿库南、东和西的深层岩溶水各重金属物均达到《地下水质量标准》（GB／T14848—93）III类标准要求。尾矿库周围浅层地下水铅、锌、砷等重金属浓度比同一位置的深层地下水的高。     

涉铅企业环境风险辨识技术研究

从涉铅企业生产工艺及物料特征出发,以《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》、《环境污染事故应急预案编制技术指南》和《重金属污染企业突发环境事件应急预案编制指南》等技术规范为依据,对涉铅企业环境风险源项及突发环境风险事故类型进行辨识、归纳和归类,为涉铅企业的环境风险评价和环境应急管理提供科学依据。     

胡敏酸改性膨润土钝化污染土壤Pb&Cd及机理

通过盆栽试验,探讨了胡敏酸改性膨润土对重金属铅、镉污染土壤的钝化效果及机理。结果表明,铅、镉污染土壤中施加胡敏酸改性膨润土能显著降低小白菜中Pb、Cd的含量,在添加Cd(3 mg/kg)/Pb(250 mg/kg)污染土壤和Cd(1 0 mg/kg)/Pb(5 00 mg/kg)污染土壤上小白菜地上部分Pb含量分别比对照降低19.08%和47.91%,Cd含量分别比对照降低9.79%和14.89%。土壤本身对添加的重金属Pb/Cd有一定的耐受力和自我净化能力,在添加重金属后,添加的Pb/Cd元素大部分直接转化为较为稳定的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化结合态。相关性分析显示小白菜的鲜重与小白菜Pb/Cd含量极显著负相关,进一步说明胡敏酸改性膨润土是通过提高小白菜的生物量,从而降低Pb/Cd在小白菜中的含量。     

Northern Idaho House Dust and Soil Lead Levels Compared to the Bunker Hill Superfund Site

House dust has been identified as a major exposure medium for lead (Pb) in children. High levels of Pb in soil and house dust have been recorded at the Bunker Hill Superfund Site (BHSS) in northern Idaho, an historic mining and smelting district. Soil and dust remediation at the site was required; however, regional background soil and dust Pb levels had not been well characterized. The objective of this survey was to determine background house dust Pb levels and to compare those levels with concentrations, and dust and Pb loading rates measured at the BHSS. Soil and house dust samples were collected in five towns demographically similar to the BHSS but unaffected by the mining industry. The background concentrations and loading rates were significantly lower than those observed at the site. House age was a significant factor affecting background soil and house dust Pb concentrations and loading rates.     

Concentrations of cadmium and lead heavy metals in Dardanelles seawater

Cadmium and lead were determined simultaneously in seawater by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) preceded by adsoptive collection of complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) on to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). In preliminary experiments the optimal analytical condition for oxine concentration was found to be 2.10⁻⁵ M, at pH 7.7, the accumulation potential was −1.1 V, and the initial scannig potential was −0.8 V. The peak potentials were found −0.652 V for Cd and −0.463 V for Pb At the 60 s accumalation time. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitatification (LOQ) were found to be by voltammetry as 0.588 and 1.959 μg l⁻¹ (RSD, 5.50%) for Cd and 0.931 and 3.104 μg l⁻¹ (RSD, 4.10%) for Pb at 60 s stirred accumulation time respectively. In these conditions the most of the seawater samples are amenable for direct voltammetric determination of cadmium and lead using a HMDE. An adsorptive stripping mechanism of the electrode reaction was proposed. For the comparison, seawater samples were also analysed by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES). The applied voltammetric technique was validated and good recoveries were obtained.     

An efficient technology to treat heavy metal--lead--contaminated soil by microwave radiation

Microwave (MW) technology can be used to vitrify contaminated soil wastes and immobilize heavy metal ions in soils. More than 93% of the Pb(II)-contaminated soil was vitrified to a glass/ceramic formation after 30 min of MW radiation. In a 6-year study, the Pb(II) concentration of the vitrified soil in the leaching test was less than 1.0 mg/l, which is substantially below the USEPA regulatory limit of 5.0 mg/l.