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1.
国外包装废物的处理技术动向 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在欧、美、日等西方国家,废包装材料已成为主要的固体废物之一,其环境污染问题日益受到关注。本文较全面地介绍废包装材料的填埋、焚烧、循环回用、再资源化利用和减少使用包装材料等五种重要技术动击与途径。还重点介绍了美国的PET瓶的资源再利用,以及德国建立严格的包装废物法规和完善的处理系统的概况。 相似文献
2.
A. Joseph Berkmans M. Jagannatham S. Priyanka Prathap Haridoss 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):2139-2145
Upcycling polymer wastes into useful, and valuable carbon based materials, is a challenging process. We report a novel catalyst-free and solvent-free technique for the formation of nano channeled ultrafine carbon tubes (NCUFCTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes, using rotating cathode arc discharge technique. The soot obtain from the anode contains ultrafine and nano-sized solid carbon spheres (SCS) with a mean diameter of 221 nm and 100 nm, respectively, formed at the lower temperature region of the anode where the temperature is approximately 1700 °C. The carbon spheres are converted into long “Y” type branched and non-branched NCUFCTs and MWCNTs at higher temperature regions where the temperature is approximately 2600 °C, with mean diameters of 364 nm and 95 nm, respectively. Soot deposited on the cathode is composed of MWCNTs with a mean diameter of 20 nm and other nanoparticles. The tubular structures present in the anode are longer, bent and often coiled with lesser graphitization compared to the nanotubes in the soot on the cathode. 相似文献
3.
H. Cornier-Ríos P. A. Sundaram J. T. Celorie 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(1):51-56
Recycled plastics are considered low performance materials because their properties are expected to decrease drastically with
recycling. The objective of this study was to characterize a 15 wt.% glass filled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET-15GF) using
six recycle generations and four recycle ratios. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, and percent
elongation to failure of the PET composite were determined for various recycle generations and recycle ratios. Results show
that the mechanical properties of rPET-15GF decrease slightly per recycle generation. In contrast, thermal properties of rPET-15GF
were not at all affected by the recycling process. This data demonstrates that recycled glass filled PET can be used effectively
to fabricate components without significantly affecting their mechanical performance. 相似文献
4.
Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gent Malcolm Richard Menendez MarioToraño Javier Torno Susana 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(4):472-482
Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material. 相似文献
5.
Evaluation of recycling policies for PET bottles based on multiattribute utility indices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study focused on waste plastic, especially the polyethylene telephthalate (PET) bottle as representative waste, which
has been assigned as goods to be recycled by the Packaging Waste Recycling Law in Japan. We developed a plastic transport
model which explained the entire flow of plastic from the production stage to the disposal stage within an the evaluation
model of plastic recycle policy based on multiattribute utility theory. This model is designed to be used by local municipal
governments in supporting the evaluation of the PET bottle recycling policy. In evaluating the plastics recycling policy,
we selected indices relating to economy, ecology, and rate of resource recycling. The results indicate that when the evaluation
of the material recycling policy and thermal recycling policy in the model city were characterized in terms of their economic
and environmental aspects the thermal recycling policy had the highest utility within our scenario.
Received: July 31, 1998 / Accepted: January 26, 1999 相似文献
6.
Aree Choodum Panote Thavarungkul Proespichaya Kanatharana 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):577-583
A simple sample preparation technique was developed for rapid analysis of acetaldehyde residue in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. A laboratory-built heating system was used and coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) at optimized conditions. The results were a tremendous reduction of the sample preparation time from 24 hours, for the conventional method, to only one hour. The analysis took only 1.5 min with other good analytical performances i.e. a low detection limit, 0.3 ng mL? 1 and a wide linear dynamic range, 0.3 ng mL? 1 to 6.6 μ g mL? 1 with R2 > 0.99.Acetaldehyde residue in freshly blown bottles were analyzed and found in the range of 0.4 to 1.1 ng mL? 1. The results were good agreement with the conventional 24-hour airspace method (P < 0.01). The PET-bottle sampling technique was also developed to minimize the complication of sample transportation and pre-concentration. A purge and trap technique was found to be the most suitable. Then, it was implemented and compared, the results showed no significant difference (P < 0.01) with and without purge and trap. 相似文献
7.
对苯二甲酸和聚脂生产废水处理技术综述 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对苯二甲酸和聚脂均是化纤工业中的重要原料,本文论述了对这两种生产废水的处理技术,并比较了不同处理方法的优缺点。 相似文献
8.
9.
2010年,中国成为世界上PET饮料瓶使用量最大的国家,但中国目前缺乏正规、完整的废PET饮料瓶回收系统,导致了严重的社会与环境问题.因此,采用街头访问的方式,对北京市PET饮料瓶的回收情况展开调研.结果显示,消费后的废PET饮料瓶,44%被消费者存放在家里以卖钱,56%被消费者直接扔进垃圾桶.通过拾荒者、流动回收人员等回收者的回收行为,北京几乎所有的废PET饮料瓶都得到了回收,其中90%是由非正规的回收者回收的.回收后的废PET饮料瓶绝大部分都被小型的、非正规的、没有环境污染防治设施的小工厂使用. 相似文献
10.
Production of polyethylene teraphtalate (PET) fiber in the world is increasing every year and reached to an amount of about 20 million tons a year in 2001. The wastes occur in the production of PET fiber in the amount of about 3–5% of total production. The PET does not degrade for a long time in nature. Since PET is a derivative of petroleum, the wastes of PET are valuable and must be recycled. One of the recycling method of PET wastes is re-melting. Thus, various properties of the PET wastes were improved using the re-melting method by employing an extruder manufactured for the work. Degradation during re-melting decreases the properties of the final product. The results indicate that the properties of recycled PET wastes can be monitored by designing the parameters of the extruder. Also, the further degradation of the material can be prevented and the recycling costs are minimized. 相似文献