提高测量悬浮物的准确性

通过一系列实验数据的对比，提出影响悬浮物测量准确性的两个因素——空气相对湿度和称量时间控制，从而提出较为可行的测量方法与步骤．     

Determination of plate waste in primary school lunches by weighing and visual estimation methods: A validation study

The aim of this study was to validate the visual estimation method for aggregated plate waste of main dish at Portuguese primary school canteens. For this purpose plate waste at school lunch was measured for 505 individual servings, using weighing individual servings and plate waste and visual estimation method by a 6-point scale, as developed by Comstock et al. (1981). A high variability of initial serving weights was found with serving sizes ranging from 88.9 to 283.3 g and with a coefficient of variation ranging from 5.5% to 24.7%. Mean plate waste was 27.5% according to the weighing method. There was a significant bias in the conversion of the visual waste estimations to actual waste, being overestimated by an average of 8.0 g (ranging from ?12.9 g to 41.4 g). According to Bland and Altman plot, the mean difference between methods was of 8.0 g and the amplitude interval was 102.6 g. The study showed that the visual estimation method is not as accurate as the weighing method in assessing nonselective aggregated plate waste at primary school canteens. Our findings are thus very important on considering plate waste assessment, since the wide variation on initial servings introduces a relevant bias when considering standard portions or a random sample of initial servings. Although, greater convenience, time-saving and the possibility to monitor plate waste of large groups, make the visual estimation method an important method to assess plate waste at school canteens, these results highlighted the need of portions standardization and control of initial servings to allow for its use.     

污染源烟尘浓度采样滤筒后续处理的改进及滤筒的质量控制

《空气和废气检测分析方法》第四版增补版所写滤筒采样后称重的规定：即烘干一小时取出称重．多次反复操作,直到恒重为止。这种操作一般需要多次重复,时间很长。通过多年的工作实践与对比实验发现：通过改变首次烘干时间,可以减少操作次数,缩短达到恒重的时间。对于滤筒的质量控制,在各个环节进行了阐述。对于以前有人提出,滤筒烘干后的冷却时间对滤筒重量有影响,经实验有不同结论。