星形大分子液晶在气相色谱分析中的应用研究

将首次合成的偶氮苯硅氧烷类星形液晶大分子化合物用于毛细管柱气相色谱固定液 ,在其相转变温度附近具有良好的选择性 ,成功地分离了二甲酚异构体。     

Identification of key parameters controlling dissolved oxygen migration and attenuation in fractured crystalline rocks

In the crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield, geochemical conditions are currently reducing at depths of 500-1000 m. However, during future glacial periods, altered hydrologic conditions could potentially result in enhanced recharge of glacial melt water containing a relatively high concentration of dissolved oxygen (O2). It is therefore of interest to investigate the physical and geochemical processes, including naturally-occurring redox reactions, that may control O2 ingress. In this study, the reactive transport code MIN3P is used in combination with 2k factorial analyses to identify the most important parameters controlling oxygen migration and attenuation in fractured crystalline rocks. Scenarios considered are based on simplified conceptual models that include a single vertical fracture, or a fracture zone, contained within a rock matrix that extends from the ground surface to a depth of 500 m. Consistent with field observations, Fe(II)-bearing minerals are present in the fractures (i.e. chlorite) and the rock matrix (biotite and small quantities of pyrite). For the parameter ranges investigated, results indicate that for the single fracture case, the most influential factors controlling dissolved O2 ingress are flow velocity in the fracture, fracture aperture, and the biotite reaction rate in the rock matrix. The most important parameters for the fracture zone simulations are flow velocity in the individual fractures, pO2 in the recharge water, biotite reaction rate, and to a lesser degree the abundance and reactivity of chlorite in the fracture zone, and the fracture zone width. These parameters should therefore receive increased consideration during site characterization, and in the formulation of site-specific models intended to predict O2 behavior in crystalline rocks.     

洱海沉积物有机质、铁、锰对磷的赋存特征和释放影响

利用SMT磷连续提取分级方法研究了洱海表层沉积物中磷的赋存特征,探讨有机质(OM),Fe和Mn对磷赋存形态及释放的影响,同时评估了洱海沉积物磷的释放风险. 结果表明:洱海表层沉积物w(TP)为710.3～1 961.2 mg/kg,其中w(Ca-P)最高(占36.9%～59.2%),w(OP)次之(占24.6%～36.9%),w(Fe/Al-P)最低(占9.8%～20.7%);w(OM)为25.0～119.6 mg/g,与w(TP)和w(Ca-P)呈显著负相关;w(总锰)为0.8～3.8 mg/g,w(总铁)为34.3～127.2 mg/g,均与w(TP)及其各形态磷含量呈显著正相关. 沉积物中w(Fe/Al-P)/w(Ca-P)比低于0.5,且w(总铁)/w(TP)远大于20,表明磷释放强度小,但w(TOC)/w(OP)<200,说明有机磷的潜在释放风险较大. w(TP)及其各形态磷含量均与无定形铁氧化物(Feo-Fep)含量呈显著正相关,而与结晶态铁氧化物(Fed-Feo)含量的相关性不显著,且全湖沉积物中的铁氧化物以Feo-Fep为主,表明洱海沉积物磷释放主要受Feo-Fep控制.      

电石渣理化性质的分析与表征

电石渣是电石水解获取乙炔气后产生的一种工业废渣。文章采用SEM、XRD和DSC/TG等现代测试手段,对其理化性质进行分析和表征,结果表明:电石渣是由一些十分细微颗粒组成,其化学成分主要是CaO,其次是Al2O3、SiO2等。电石渣中微量元素未超过排放标准、放射性符合建筑主体材料技术要求。电石渣是以Ca(OH)2为主晶相,并含有少量CaCO3。     

Evaluation of soil characteristics potentially affecting arsenic concentration in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Paddy rice may contribute considerably to the human intake of As. The knowledge of soil characteristics affecting the As content of the rice plant enables the development of agricultural measures for controlling As uptake.During field surveys in 2004 and 2006, plant samples from 68 fields (Italy, Po-area) revealed markedly differing As concentration in polished rice. The soil factors total As_{(aqua regia)}, pH, grain size fractions, total C, plant available P_(CAL), poorly crystalline Fe_(oxal.) and plant available Si_(Na-acetate) content that potentially affect As content of rice were determined.A multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant positive influence of the total As_{(aqua regia)} and plant available P_(CAL) content and a negative influence of the poorly crystalline Fe_(oxal.) content of the soil on the As content in polished rice and rice straw.Si concentration in rice straw varied widely and was negatively related to As content in straw and polished rice.     

5种不同晶型的纳米二氧化钛对金属铜生物积累的影响

纳米二氧化钛(nTiO_2)作为一种具有独特物理化学性质的纳米材料被广泛应用。然而,在生产、使用的过程中,nTiO_2会不可避免地进入于水环境中。重金属是水体中常见的污染物之一,nTiO_2进入水体后是否会与水体中的重金属发生相互作用,进而影响重金属的生物积累,目前相关报道还很少。本论文以大型溞为模式生物,考察了5种不同晶型nTiO_2对常见的重金属铜生物积累影响。结果表明,nTiO_2对Cu2+的吸附降低了试验液中Cu2+浓度。但5种不同晶型nTiO_2的吸附能力并不一样,其中锐钛矿晶型(A-S)的吸附能力最高,这可能是由于结构缺陷和表面羟基的存在,为Cu2+提供了更多的结合位点,从而提高了A-S的吸附能力。nTiO_2的存在降低了金属铜在大型溞体内的积累,这可能是由于nTiO_2对金属铜的吸附,降低了自由Cu2+的生物可利用性。由于nTiO_2样品之间比表面积的差异,不同晶型之间单位nTiO_2引起的铜积累有显著性差异性(P0.05),其中锐钛矿和金红石之比为4:1混合晶型(M1)最高,A-S最低。     

新型侧链聚硅氧烷液晶高分子用作毛细柱气相色谱固定液的研究

以合成的新型胆甾酯类侧链聚硅氧烷液晶高分子作固定液 ,涂渍在弹性石英毛细管柱上 ,具有较高的柱效和选择性 ,热稳定性好 ,适于分离多种异构体混合物。     

纳米TiO_2晶体胶体在居室净化中的应用研究

纳米二氧化钛晶体胶体膜的光催化降解研究实验表明,在普通的日光灯下,经过72h的照射,苯与甲苯的降解率分别为96.7%和97.7%,乙硫醇、甲醛与氨几乎100%降解。实际居室环境实验应用研究结果显示,经过纳米二氧化钛胶体处理后的居室,一周后其空气质量达到相应国家标准。因此,纳米二氧化钛胶体形成的纳米晶体膜对空气污染净化是非常有效的,并具有良好的杀菌防霉效果。     

工业稀盐酸和铝酸钙制取结晶氯化铝研究

通过对常压下采用工业稀盐酸和铝酸钙制备结晶氯化铝净水剂的试验研究,考察了铝酸钙低浓度盐酸浸取时原料配比、浸出时间、浸出温度对三氧化二铝溶出率的影响,并对三氯化铝结晶阶段的机理进行了探讨,实验结果表明低浓度工业废酸可以用于制备结晶氯化铝。项目研究成果为低浓度工业废盐酸的处置与利用提供了新的思路。     

晶硅光伏组件出口对中国碳排放的影响

基于文献资料,估算了2004-2009年中国晶硅光伏组件制造过程中的能源消耗和CO2排放强度。研究发现,2004-2009年,晶硅光伏组件制造过程中的能耗强度和CO2排放强度均逐年下降。2009年,单晶、多晶光伏组件制造过程中的能耗强度分别为2 629 kWh/kWp和2 242 kWh/kWp,碳排放强度分别为1 829 gCO2/Wp和1 559 gCO2/Wp。由于晶硅光伏组件的大量出口,中国不仅出口了大量的隐含碳,还损失了数量可观的、潜在的CO2减排能力。2004-2010年,中国的隐含碳净出口量由3万tCO2增加到852万tCO2;如果出口的晶硅电池全部用于国内,在其生命周期内累计可减排CO23.4亿t。除2004年和2010年外,国内安装的晶硅光伏组件在其生命周期内所能减少的CO2排放不足以抵消晶硅光伏行业的CO2排放,晶硅光伏行业对中国CO2减排的贡献为负。在多晶硅全部国产的情况下,中国若维持晶硅电池应用中的CO2减排量与全行业CO2排放量的平衡,至少应将晶硅组件制造的7.2%安装在国内使用。若多晶硅进口比例仍保持在50%左右,则至少应将晶硅组件制造的4.9%安装在国内使用。