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This article is a brief review of the mechanism of action of fibrous filters and of the performance of respirators; it neglects many of the complications discussed in longer and more detailed articles. An expression is given for the pressure drop across a filter in terms of fibre diameter and filtration velocity. The particle capture mechanisms of interception and diffusional deposition are introduced and the way in which filtration efficiency varies with particle size is discussed. Filters with fibres of small diameter are shown to be the most efficient, but their use can cause problems. Electrically charged materials are widely used in respirators because of their high efficiency and low pressure drop. Types of material, their means of charging, and their method of action are described. An account is given of respirator leakage, the protection factor, and of the way that these may vary in a period of use. The leakage of air and particles through face seal leaks and leaky valves is discussed. The frequent discrepancy in the protection given by respirators in the workplace, on the one hand, and that suggested by laboratory measurements, on the other, is reviewed, and the article ends with an account of the combined effect of aerosol penetration through a filter and through a leak. 相似文献
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Paul D. Tatarka 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1996,4(3):149-156
The insulative character of expanded polystyrene loose-fill packing material supports the immobile triboelectric charge on its surface, causing static cling. One beneficial property of starch-based loose-fill is its antistatic behavior, which prevents the buildup of electrostatic charges on the foam surface, resulting in no static cling. This investigation explores the electrical resistance characteristics of plasticized starch materials such as commercial loose-fill. Electrical resistance standards used in this study to measure surface resistance and static decay properties are ASTM D 257-78, EOS/ESD S-11, and EIA 541. Following these established testing protocols, the electrical resistance of starch-based and expanded polystyrene loose-fill is quantified. Surface resistivity, measured at 12% RH, of starch-based loose-fill products is less than 1.0×1012 per square characteristic of inherently static dissipative materials.Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.Presented at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Symposium onEnvironmental Polymer Biodegradation, December 17–22, 1995, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 相似文献
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静电旋风除尘技术的现场试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对静电旋风除尘技术的机理进行了探讨,现场试验表明,此技术用于电厂旋风水膜除尘器的改造,可将平均除尘效率由92.55%到98.4%,且对不同浓度的烟尘除尘效率比较稳定,在处理烟气量为10600Nm^3/h时,阻力为800-920Pa,高压电源的单位能耗为0.2W·h/(m^3·h)。 相似文献
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