Monitoring of Butter and Ghee (Clarified Butter Fat) for Pesticidal Contamination from Cotton Belt of Haryana, India

Butter (45) and ghee (55) samples were collected from rural and urban areas of cotton growing belt of Haryana and analysed for detecting the residues of organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. The estimation was carried out by using multi residue analytical technique employing GC-ECD and GC-NPD systems equipped with capillary columns. Butter samples were comparatively more contaminated (97%) than ghee (94%), showing more contamination with organochlorine insecticides from urban samples. About 11% samples of butter showed endosulfan residues above MRL value and 2% samples had residues of synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates each above their respective MRL values. In ghee, residues of HCH & DDT both and of endosulfan exceeded the MRL values in 5 and 20% samples, respectively. Among organophosphates, only chlorpyriphos was detected with 9% samples showing its residue above MRL value. Irrespective of contamination levels, residues above the MRL values were more in ghee. More extensive study covering other agricultural regions/zones of Haryana has been suggested to know the overall scenario of contamination of milk products.     

Monitoring of Seasonal Vegetables for Pesticide Residues

Market samples (60) of six seasonal vegetables were monitoredduring 1996–1997 to determine the magnitude of pesticidalcontamination. The estimation of insecticide residuesrepresenting four major chemical groups i.e. organochlorine,organophosphorous, synthetic pyrethroid and carbamate, was doneby adopting a multiresidue analytical technique employingGC-ECD and GC-NPD systems with capillary columns. The testedsamples showed 100% contamination with low but measurableamounts of residues. Among the four chemical groups, theorganophosphates were dominant followed by organochlorines,synthetic pyrethroids and carbamates. About 23% of the samplesshowed contamination with organophosphorous compounds abovetheir respective MRL values. More extensive studies coveringdifferent regions of Haryana state are suggested to get a clearidea of the magnitude of vegetable contamination with pesticideresidues.     

四氟乙烯清洁生产工艺和污染控制

分析了传统空管裂解生产四氟乙烯工艺存在的污染问题 ,介绍了水蒸汽稀释裂解生产四氟乙烯工艺的污染控制情况。     

铬渣的无害化处理和综合利用

铬渣产量大、毒性剧烈 ,是严重污染生态环境和危害人类健康的危险废物。介绍了铬渣各种无害化处理方法的解毒机理、工艺过程和应用实践 ,阐述了对铬渣进行综合利用的途径 ,并就铬渣的防治前景提出了建议。     

稻、土及田水中锐劲特残留量分析方法

建立了新型杀虫剂锐劲特及其代谢物在水稻、土壤、田水中的气相色谱毛细管柱残留分析方法。该方法对锐劲特及其代谢物MB46513、MB45950、MB46136、RPA200766等，在水稻中的最低检出浓度依次为：0.002,0.001,0.001,0.004,0.01mg/kg；在土壤中这几种组分最低检出浓度为水稻中的1／3；在田水中最低检出浓度为水稻中的1／25。加标回收率83.4%-97.7%。变异系数1.86%-7.07%。     

泔脚与秸杆混合发酵法生产蛋白饲料的新工艺流程

利用多菌种混合发酵同时处理泔脚和秸杆2种废弃物,提出了一种生产高蛋白饲料的新工艺流程,并且对该流程初步进行了经济估算。结果表明,在泔脚和稻草秸杆粉按3:1、温度150℃、高压锅中高温湿热酸处理的条件下,经过初步双菌混合发酵试验所得的饲料产品质量为粗蛋白≥25％,粗纤维≤18％,水分≤ 10％,说明新工艺能很好地同时处理泔脚和秸杆2种废弃物,并且大大地提高了秸秆饲料的蛋白含量。处理新工艺流程简单、技术可行,是一种很好的饲料制备方法。     

利用废渣废碱液年产3000t粒状五水偏硅酸钠工艺初步设计

介绍以铝矾土提取硫酸铝废渣和氧氯化锆副产废碱液为原料生产泡花碱 ,然后利用一次造粒法生产五水偏硅酸钠新工艺确定影响产品质量指标工艺因素。小试试验产品质量指标达到HG/T2 5 6 8- 94要求 ,工艺成本低 ,避免废碱液及废渣排放对环境的污染。     

硫精砂尾矿还原硫酸烧渣的研究

利用硫精砂尾矿还原硫酸烧渣，从而提高烧渣中的铁的浸出率，达到综合利用尾矿及烧渣，减轻污染的目的。结果表明，把烧渣和尾矿按４－６比１的比例混合，在７００－８００℃处理３０ｍｉｎ，铁的浸出率比处理前增加３倍。文中还讨论了还原机理。     

模拟医疗废物在管式电阻炉上的热解特性研究

在管式电阻炉上对由聚丙烯、面巾纸、纱布、医用脱脂棉、一次性口罩、医用乳胶手套等按一定比例组成的模拟医疗废物在氮气气氛进行了热解研究。重点探讨了10K／min，20K／min，30K／min和40K／min等不同升温速率对热解产物分布、产气特性和热解过程的影响。结果表明，随着温度升高，模拟废物的热解产生气体的主要成分逐渐由CO2和CO转变为C3H6、CH4、C2H6、C2H4和C3H8。同时，热解处理对模拟废物的减量化效果比较明显，固体残留率仅为5．61％～7．02％。而且，加热速率对模拟医疗废物热解过程的影响较大。     

应用添加剂烟气碳化处理回收碱渣

介绍应用ＹＪ添加剂碳化法处理炼油过程中的汽油、柴油、液化气碱渣，回收酚及环烷酸，并再生制取ＮａＯＨ稀碱液的工业实验，结果表明，此法在生产上可行，回收酚再生碱均达到产品质量标准