Genetically Modified (GM) Crops: Precautionary Science and Conflicts of Interests

Risk governance of GM plants and GMfood products is presently subject to heatedscientific and public controversies. Scientistsand representatives of the biotechnologyindustry have dominated debates concerningsafety issues. The public is suspicious withregard to the motives of scientists, companies,and political institutions involved. Thedilemmas posed are nested, embracing valuequestions, scientific uncertainty, andcontextual issues. The obvious lack of data andinsufficient information concerning ecologicaleffects call for application of thePrecautionary Principle (PP). There are,however, divergent opinions among scientistsabout the relevance of putative hazards,definition of potential ``adverse effects,' andwhether actions should be taken to preventharm. The reliance on the concept ofsubstantial equivalence in safety evaluation ofGM food is equally controversial. Consequently,value assumptions embedded in a scientificframework may be a barrier for employment ofthe PP. One of our major conclusions is thatprecautionary GMP usage requires riskassessment criteria yet undeveloped, as well asbroader and more long-term conceptions of risk,uncertainty, and ignorance. Conflicts ofinterest and public participation are otherissues that need to be taken intoconsideration. GMP governance regimes that arejustifiable from a precautionary and ethicalpoint of view must transcend traditionalscientific boundaries to include alternativescientific perspectives as well as publicinvolvement.     

车用三效催化剂的研究进展

三效催化剂是机外治理机动车尾气污染最常采用的有效方法，车用三效催化剂已发展到第4代。目前车用三效催化剂的研究主要集中在：开发稀燃型三效催化剂和紧耦合三效催化剂及发展三效催化剂低温冷起燃技术等。国内应以稀土添加少量贵金属的三效催化剂为主要研究方向，开发适合我国现状的车用净化催化剂技术。     

油田废污泥治理研究

冀东油田废水池地处环境敏感区域，对其废污泥采用固化法进行处理。在大量实验的基础上优选出了三种固化剂体系并通过多次浸泡实验、淋洗实验和静态浸出实验对固化效果进行了分析。     

准确把握环境形势,认真落实"全面、协调和可持续的科学发展观",努力实现全面建设小康社会的可持续发展目标

本文主要论述了在实现我国中长期环境与资源保护战略目标过程中,环境形势的长期性、艰巨性和复杂性;指出必须通过发展观念、经济增长方式、经济体制和政策职能的转变,树立和落实全面、协调和可持续的科学发展观,促进经济、政治、文化、生态环境的全面发展。     

总结经验,进一步推进全国循环经济发展

作者全面阐述了当前我国发展循环经济的重要性、存在的问题,并提出了下一步工作的意见。     

加氢装置分液罐泄漏失效原因分析

针对某石油化工公司加氢装置中变气第一分液罐底部环焊缝周围产生多处裂纹而发生泄漏的事故,通过对该压力容器使用工作环境的工况调查、设备泄漏部位裂纹宏观分析、裂纹形态及断口理化金相分析、材质化学成分检测、焊接接头金相组织分析、材料拉伸力学性能试验和硬度测试等手段,综合分析裂纹产生的原因,得出初步结论,并提出改进建议.     

Foresight science in conservation: Tools,barriers, and mainstreaming opportunities

Foresight science is a systematic approach to generate future predictions for planning and management by drawing upon analytical and predictive tools to understand the past and present, while providing insights about the future. To illustrate the application of foresight science in conservation, we present three case studies: identification of emerging risks to conservation, conservation of at-risk species, and aid in the development of management strategies for multiple stressors. We highlight barriers to mainstreaming foresight science in conservation including knowledge accessibility/organization, communication across diverse stakeholders/decision makers, and organizational capacity. Finally, we investigate opportunities for mainstreaming foresight science including continued advocacy to showcase its application, incorporating emerging technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence) to increase capacity/decrease costs, and increasing education/training in foresight science via specialized courses and curricula for trainees and practicing professionals. We argue that failure to mainstream foresight science will hinder the ability to achieve future conservation objectives in the Anthropocene.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01786-0.     

塔里木河河道整治与生态建设科学考察及再思考

塔里木河是我国西北地区最大的内陆河流,如何实现流域水资源可持续利用和生态保护一直是国家和新疆各族人们关注的重大问题。论文通过对塔里木河新的科学考察的经过和体会介绍,就博斯腾湖向塔里木河下游输水的可持续性问题、水资源分配问题、塔里木河干流河道治理工程认识问题、对生态闸的认识和管理问题、胡杨林保护问题、塔里木河下游生态环境恢复等问题提出一些讨论,对塔里木河河道整治与生态建设提出初步咨询建议。