Sustainability: a Dissent

Abstract:  Broadly conceived and considered in its many usages, sustainability has grave defects as a planning goal, particularly when used by conservationists: it confuses means and ends; it is vague about what is being sustained and who or what is doing the sustaining; it is uninspiring; it is little more than Pinchot-era conservation (and thus ignores the many lessons learned since then); it need not be linked to land, to the land's functioning, or to any ecological science; it need not include a moral component; it is consistent with the view of humans as all-powerful manipulators of the planet; and, in general, it is such a malleable term that its popularity provides only a facade of consensus. When sustainability is defined broadly to include the full range of economic and social aspirations, it poses the particular risk that ecological and biodiversity concerns will be cast aside in favor of more pressing human wants. Given these many defects, the conservation movement should discard the term in favor of a more alluring goal, attentive to nature and its ecological functioning. A sound goal would incorporate and distill the considerable ecological and moral wisdom accumulated since Pinchot's day while giving conservationists the rhetorical tools needed to defend the land against competing pressures. In our view, conservation would be well served by an updated variant of "land health," Aldo Leopold's ecologically grounded goal from the 1940s. Land health as an independent understanding should set the essential terms of how we live and enjoy the earth, providing the framework within which we pursue our many social and economic aims.     

人工神经网络模型和公路复垦土地适宜性评价

提出了人工神经网络用于公路临时用地复垦土地适宜性评价，利用该模型对京大高速公路山西段复垦山西段复垦土地进行了适宜性评价，探讨了人工神经网络在土地复垦适宜性评价时的特点和注意问题。     

区域土地可持续利用与环境政策-体化

可持续发展应分阶段、分层次地进行，为增强区域土地可持续利用，相关环境政策的制定遵循可持续发展的原则，提出了区域土地可持续利用的评价流程与环境政策形成的循环模式；介绍了国外区域开发环境影响评价的研究进展及区域环境管理规划的主要内容；分析了这一领域的相关法律问题并提出了建议。     

湛江市土地资源的可持续利用

湛江市位于祖国大陆的最南端，地形以平原、台地为主，土地资源利用受台风、干早等自然因素的影响。作者对湛江市土地资源可持续利用的限制因子进行了分析，提出了滋江市土地资源可持续利用的对策和措施。     

SIMULATION OF TEMPORAL CHANGES IN RAINFALL-RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS,COON CREEK BASIN,WISCONSIN1

ABSTRACT: Streamflow for 67 years was simulated for Coon Creek at Coon Valley, Wisconsin, for three conditions in the drainage basin: (1) conditions in the 1930s; (2) conditions in the 1970s, excluding flood-detention reservoirs; and (3) conditions in the 1970s, including flood-detention reservoirs. These simulations showed that the changes in agricultural practices over 40 years (1940–80) reduced the 100-year flood by 53 percent (from 38,900 to 18,300 cubic feet per second). The flood-detention reservoirs reduced the 100-year flood by an additional 17 percent (to 15,100 cubic feet per second). The simulation was accomplished by calibrating a precipitation-runoff model to observed rainfall and runoff during two separate periods (1934–40 and 1978–81). Comparisons of model simulations showed that differences between the model calibrations for the two periods were statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level.     

井工煤矿建设工程对土地破坏的危险性评估

通过改变地表形态和降低土壤质量,井工煤矿生产对土地产生比较严重破坏.影响井工煤矿破坏土地的因素较多,针对所评估煤矿,煤层埋深与开采厚度、水文地质条件通常是主要因素,因此,选用土地利用类型、地表破坏程度和地面积水状况三个评估指标,采用单因素分析和叠加分析的方法进行土地破坏危险性评估.     

西部煤矿建设项目土地资源影响量化评价研究

以煤矿建设项目对土地资源影响的特点和规律为基础,满足该类项目环境影响评价要求为指导,以陕西省黄陵建庄矿区建北矿井及选煤厂新建项目为例,介绍西部煤矿建设项目土地资源影响量化评价的方法与思路,是西部煤矿项目土地资源影响评价深化的一种研究,有利于协调煤炭资源开发与土地资源保护问题.     

喀斯特坡地地表径流系数监测初报

通过对喀斯特坡地6种不同土地利用条件下径流小区的地表径流和植被穿透雨量以及地下水出口水位变化进行野外定点连续观测研究,结果表明,6个径流小区地表径流系数均非常小,介于0.01%~12.81%。显然,喀斯特坡地的地表径流易于入渗转化为地下径流。受人为活动影响较大的径流小区,地表径流系数随降雨量的变化呈指数函数型变化特征,容易产生地表径流系数的突变式增长。     

长春市不同土地利用生境土壤昆虫幼虫群落组成与生态分布

对长春市郊区天然次生林、市内公园风景林、郊区防护林和农田等土地利用生境进行土壤昆虫幼虫调查,研究土地利用差异对土壤昆虫幼虫群落特征的影响。研究区共捕获土壤昆虫幼虫35科411只,其中鞘翅目幼虫14科319只,双翅目幼虫13科64只,鳞翅目幼虫8科28只。研究结果表明:不同土地利用生境土壤昆虫幼虫群落组成与生态分布存在差异,防护林和农田土壤昆虫幼虫的类群数和个体密度显著减少;除农田外,其他生境土壤昆虫幼虫群落个体密度和类群数主要集中分布在0～5cm土壤层,生境凋落物的移除对土壤昆虫幼虫群落组成影响不明显;此外,鞘翅目、双翅目和鳞翅目幼虫对土地利用和植被类型变化的响应也不同。