含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆燃的抑制影响实验研究

为了揭示含磷酸盐(KH₂PO₄,NH₄H₂PO₄,Ca(H₂PO₄)₂)对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的抑制作用,通过哈特曼管实验装置和20 L球形爆炸罐,研究含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰和压力传播特性的抑制效果。采用高速摄影方法记录含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰传播的影响;采用20 L球形爆炸罐,收集压力传感器数据,分析含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸压力的影响;采用同步热分析仪研究聚乙烯粉尘和含磷酸盐的热解行为。研究结果表明：含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰传播特性参数和爆炸压力特性参数均有显著的影响,通过对比得到NH₄H₂PO₄抑制效果相对最好。研究结果可为含磷酸盐在抑爆剂工程应用提供理论基础。     

CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF1

ABSTRACT. .Eighteen rural lakes in Lubbock County were sampled on a routine basis following runoff-producing rainfall for a period of approximately eighteen months to determine whether or not runoff from intensively farmed agricultural areas contained significant concentrations of nitrates, phosphates, herbicides, or insecticides. An additional fifteen lakes lying within a triangle bounded by the cities of Plainview, Canyon, and Hereford, Texas, were sampled one time during the summer of 1969 to provide additional data regarding the nature and extent of the potential problem in an area with a different soil type and a slightly different cropping pattern. Based on results of detailed analyses of approximately two hundred samples of water collected from the lakes and an equal number of sediment samples collected from the same lakes at the same time, it appears that the concentrations of all chemical pollutants in runoff from agricultural lands in the High Plains are well below the allowable concentrations for drinking water.     

人员位置固定的公共场所分区疏散研究

通过将分区疏散转化为分配问题(Allocation Problem),并采用启发式的A*优化算法,对人员位置固定的公共场所分区疏散进行研究。进一步利用基于元胞自动机模型的大型公共场所人员疏散行为模拟仿真系统,在充分考虑公共场所中每个人员的状态、人员之间以及人员与周围环境的相互作用的前提下,对疏散分区的效果进行模拟;通过与未分区的模拟结果相比较,可以认为,分区疏散有助于人员快速疏散,大大缩短整体避难时间,而且基于移动路径搜索的分区更加切合实际。     

Heavy metal phytoextraction by Sedum alfredii is affected by continual clipping and phosphorus fertilization amendment

Improving the efficacy of phytoextraction is critical for its successful application in metal contaminated soils. Mineral nutrition affects plant growth and metal absorption and subsequently the accumulation of heavy metal through hyper-accumulator plants. This study assessed the effects of di-hydrogen phosphates (KH₂PO₄, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, NaH₂PO₄ and NH₄H₂PO₄) application at three levels (22, 88 and 352 mg P/kg soil) on Sedum alfredii growth and metal uptake by three consecutive harvests on aged and Zn/Cd combined contaminated paddy soil. The addition of phosphates (P) significantly increased the amount of Zn taken up by S. alfredii due to increased shoot Zn concentration and dry matter yield (DMY) (P<0.05). The highest phytoextraction of Zn and Cd was observed in KH₂PO₄ and NH₄H₂PO₄ treatment at 352 mg P/kg soil. The amount of Zn removed by phytoextraction increased in the order of 1st clipping<2nd clipping<3rd clipping, and for Cd extraction the order was 2nd clipping<1st clipping<3rd clipping. These results indicate that the application of P fertilizers coupled with multiple cuttings can enhance the removal of Zn and Cd from contaminated soils by S. alfredii, thus shortening the time needed for accomplishing remediation goals.     

Effects of solution conditions on the precipitation of phosphate for recovery. A thermodynamic evaluation

To understand the effects of solution conditions on the precipitation of calcium phosphates from wastewater for recovery, a computer programme PHREEQC was employed to calculate the speciation and saturation-index (SI) with respect to hydroxyapatite of a chemically defined precipitation system, which contains phosphate of 1–200 mg P/l, with Ca/P molar ratios of one to 10 times of the stoichiometric calcium to phosphorus molar ratio of hydroxyapatite, at a pH range of 7.0–11.0. The results show that the SI is respectively the logarithmic function of the phosphate concentration and the calcium concentration, increasing with the increase of either of them; the SI is a polynomial function of the solution pH value and increases with its increase, and the effect of solution pH value is due to its influence on base uptake of the precipitation reaction and the speciation of phosphate and calcium ions; the SI is also a logarithmic function of the solution ionic strength but decreases with its increase; at the temperature range of 5–30 °C the SI increases linearly with solution temperature and the effect of temperature is also due to its influence on the speciation of phosphate and calcium ions.     

碳化泡沫负载Co3O4活化过硫酸盐降解罗丹明B

Co₃O₄具有优良的活化过硫酸盐的性能而受到人们的重视,但Co₃O₄粉体易团聚、使用过程中难以分离、易流失和重复利用率差等问题严重制约了其实际应用．通过水热法制备碳化三聚氰胺泡沫负载Co₃O₄非均相催化剂．采用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对催化剂的结构和表面形貌进行分析．研究不同因素对催化剂活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）降解罗丹明B（RhB）的性能．其最优催化工艺参数：催化剂投加量为35 mg·L^-1、PMS质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1和pH为7、RhB初始质量浓度为10 mg·L^-1,30 min反应后对RhB降解率为98%．结果表明,增大碳化泡沫负载Co₃O₄非均相催化剂投加量和PMS质量浓度能明显提高对RhB的降解率;而增加RhB初始质量浓度和提高pH值会明显抑制RhB的降解率．催化反应过程符合准一级动力学方程．温度对RhB降...     

环境监理工作思路必须转变

拓宽和深化环境监理工作的思路，必须使环境监理由某环节向全过程监理转变，由重点向全方位监理转变，由静态向动态监理转变，由被动向主动监理转变，由劳动密集型向科技型转变，由执法型向执法服务型监理转变，由独立向联合监理转变，由封闭型向开放型监理转变。     

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.     

Patterns of serum calcium fractions,magnesium, phosphates and albumin in non‐insulin dependent diabetics (Nidd)

Blood level of calcium fractions (ionized and bound), phosphates, magnesium and albumin were measured in non‐insulin dependent diabetic patients (NIDD). Results were compared with healthy controls to elucidate the pathogenesis of probable changes of these elements. Total ionized calcium and magnesium showed significant decrease (p<0.001, p<0.05 and p<0.05) respectively. Phosphates showed non‐significant decrease while albumin reported nearly similar results. Positive correlation between inorganic phosphates and ionized calcium (r = 0.48, p<0.05) was observed only in healthy control group, not in diabetics. This may be attributed to alteration of ions excretions under diabetic condition through unknown mechanism. Additive increase of heparin sodium units in vitro to normal blood resulted in progressive fall in ionized calcium. Significant decrease was only observed upon addition of higher unit (5IU/ml). This must be taken into consideration biochemically for plasma determination of ionized calcium.     

污水中磷酸盐的离子交换分离初探

在日化工业磷酸盐解析方法的基础上,针对污水中各磷酸盐含量特征,对树脂床高度、淋洗液流速和用量等因素作了选择研究,确定了分离污水中各种磷酸盐及测定其含量的条件和步骤。