洞庭湖近30年水环境演变态势及影响因素研究

水量、泥沙和污染物交换作为河流与湖泊之间的关键过程,对湖泊生态环境演变具有复杂而深远的影响.以长江中游典型通江湖泊洞庭湖为研究对象,着眼于“江湖”“河湖”“人湖”三重作用关系变化,从水文情势、水质、富营养化3个层面剖析了近30年洞庭湖水环境演变态势及主控因素.结果表明:①“江湖”关系变化影响了洞庭湖水沙交换及其年内分配,是湖泊枯水期提前和延长、水沙关系突变等现象的主控因素;“河湖”“人湖”关系变化协同加剧了该现象.②“河湖”关系的失衡和“河湖”统筹管理措施缺位,造成入湖河流长期输送大量营养物质,是湖体氮磷污染较重的根源;“江湖”“人湖”关系变化协同影响着营养盐分布格局,但影响范围及程度有限.③在“江湖”“河湖”作用关系复合影响下,藻类生长条件更为有利,增加了洞庭湖富营养化及水华风险.为保障洞庭湖水环境安全,建议:针对“江湖”作用主导的低枯水位问题,以水资源调控为核心,推进长江与流域上游水库联合生态调度,保障湖泊生态流量;针对“河湖”作用主导的水质恶化问题,以水污染防治为核心,强化流域污染控制,统筹“河湖”一体化监测管理模式,保障湖泊水环境质量;对于“人湖”作用主导的生态破坏问题,以生态空间管控为核心,划定并坚守生态红线,保障生态空间.      

Seed yeast cultivation for salad oil manufacturing wastewater treatment

The mixture of five yeast strains obtained from soil could remove about 85% TOC of oil-rich wastewater in batch test.While the highest MLSS was obtained at an N:C of 1:5,the oil removal decreased with the increase of N:C during yeast sludge cultivation.Ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for yeast cultivation from the viewpoint of yeast growth and oil utilizxation.An ammonia concentration of over 1300 mg/L led to mass death of yeast at a pH of 5.The ammonia concentration should be controlled at a level of 1000 mg/L or lower.     

硫酸厂淤泥中SRB的选育及特性研究

从硫酸厂废水淤泥中分离筛选出了一株 SRB,其菌体形态呈弧状或细杆状 ,成熟细胞大小 0 .4～ 0 .6× 3 .0～ 5 .0μm,摇摆式运动 ,单极生鞭毛 ,芽孢染色阴性 ,革兰氏染色阴性 ;最适生长 p H6.0～ 6,5 ;适量氧气不会影响细菌生长 ,菌体内含过氧化氢酶。本文还探讨了该类细菌的分离培养方法 ,考察了分离菌部分生理生化特征及对硫酸盐还原能力 ,优化了培养基配方 ,并初步鉴定分离菌为脱硫弧菌     

中蒙边界河湖水质现状及其评价

本文就中蒙两国首次环保合作项目的调查结果，对边界主要河湖的水质进行了全面的监测与评价，结果显示，位于中方水体的水质问题主要表现在营养盐，有机耗氧和碱度偏高，本次调查中为蒙双方共同开发，利用与保护边界水资源提供了宝贵的资料。     

Characteristics of sewage sludge and distribution of heavy metal in plants with amendment of sewage sludge

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in three different sewage sludges in Shanghai City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Cd in all of sewage sludge and total concentrations of Zn in Jinshan sewage sludge, as well as those ofZn, Cu, and Ni in Taopu sludge are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used in agriculture. Leachability of rig in all of studied samples and that of Cd in Taopu sewage sludge exceed the limit values of waste solid extraction standard in China legislation. Based on the characteristics for three kinds of sewage sludge, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil amended with Quyang sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metalo.by Begonia semperfloreas-hybr; Ophiopogon japonicas （L.F.） Ker-Gaw; Loropetalum chindense-var, rubrum; Dendranthema morifolium; Viola tricolor; A ntirrhinum majas; Buxas radicans Sieb; Viburnum macrocephalum; Osmanthas fragrans Lour; Cinnamomum camphora siebold and Ligustrum lucidum ait. Results showed that 8 species of plant survived in the amended soil, and moreover they flourished as well as those cultivated in the control soil. The heavy metal concentration in plants varied with species, As, Pb, Cd and Cr concentration being the highest in the four herbaceous species studied, particularly in the roots of D. morifolium. These plants, however, did not show accumulator of As, Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest concentration of Ni and Hg was found in the roots ofD. morifolium, followed by the leaves ofB. semperflorens-hybr. Levels of Zn and Cu were much higher in D. morifolium than in the other plant species. D. morifolium accumulated Ni, Hg, Cu and Zn, which may contribute to the decrease of heavy metal contents in the amended soil. Treatment with sewage sludge did not significantly affect the uptake of heavy metals by the L. chindense-var, rubrum, however, it significantly affected the uptake of heavy metals by D. morifolium.     

中小河涌淤泥工程回填利用技术研究

文章通过调理调质固化试验,系统研究了河湖淤泥的稳定化处理方法,同时对淤泥固化土的各种物理化学性能与原淤泥进行了对比测试,得出了河湖淤泥经稳定化处理后可以作为回填土使用的结论。     

生态砖:下水道淤泥制造!

<正>处理下水道的淤泥是每个城市市政工程的头疼之事,如果能将他们变废为宝,那可能大家就抢着要它了。淤泥肥料遭到农民抵制下水道的污水最终去向何处?各国的处理方式不一。在德国,每座城市的下水道污水最终流向一些污水处理厂,经过处理后没有淤泥和有害物质的二次水可进入城市河道。因此,淤     

河湖生态系统健康评价研究现状与展望

河湖是人类生产生活的必需淡水资源。随着工业化和城镇化的发展,河湖污染日益严重。面对河湖污染危机,对水环境生态健康进行评价成为研究热点。用于湖泊领域的生态系统健康评价方法有生物指示法,通过对所选生物指数进行Pearson相关分析,若生物指数间的相关系数r>0.75或r<-0.75,标明指数所反应信息中的大部分趋于相同,而对相关性r>-0.75或r<0.75的生物指数,则可直接用于水质生物评价。并采用5、3、1生物指数记分法统一量纲,提出了河湖生物指数(RBI)概念,其值即为累加上述5个指数后的总分值,建立了河湖生物指数评价标准,将河湖界定为健康、亚健康、一般、差、极差五个等级。目前河湖生态健康评价还未形成成熟体系,待进一步系统研究、认证、应用,进而推进水生态系统健康评价的发展。