新版GB/T28001的主要变化

介绍了GB／T28001—2001标准修订的背景及修订原则,解读了新版标准的主要变化。     

GB/T 28001-2011新版标准核心要素的理解

GB/T 28000《职业健康安全管理体系》系列标准于2012年开始正式实施,新版标准中对术语、定义和核心要素内容进行了大量的修订,正确地理解和贯彻标准核心要素是应用标准进行企业职业健康安全管理的根本所在,对预防和降低风险,确保职业健康安全管理体系的有效运行有着十分重要的意义.为使组织满足新版标准要求,本文对GB/T 28001-2011《职业健康安全管理体系要求》中核心要素——4.3.1危险源辨识、风险评价和控制措施的确定在内容上进行对比分析,并结合作者在实际工作中的案例和相关的法律法规和其他要求进行阐述,在此基础上对4.3.1要素进行理解,可以使组织对新标准的掌握和应用达到事半功倍的效果.     

Effects of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex on hydrogen production by fermentative microbes

The redox state of carbon sources directly affected the ratio of NADH/NAD⁺ which was coupled to the hydrogen production by Bacillus sp. FS2011. The addition of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDHc)E1 could regulate hydrogen production by FS2011 or pretreated compost in batch cultivation. With the addition of appropriate amount of inhibitor, hydrogen production via the NADH pathway was increased, leading to the higher overall hydrogen production. The maximum hydrogen yields of 307.6 ± 13.21 mL/g by FS2011 with the inhibitor of 80 ppm and 362.1 ± 10.1 mL/g by pretreated compost with the inhibitor of 60 ppm were observed, which were increased by 8.7% and 17.8% compared with the controls, respectively. Meanwhile the production of soluble metabolic byproducts such as butyrate, acetate and so on were decreased, resulting in reducing the difficulty of wastewater treatment.     

自动扶梯非操纵逆转保护研究与分析

随着城镇化进展的快速推进,城市的商场、地铁、图书馆,机场等公共场所都大量运用了自动扶梯.特别是在人流量较大的地铁、机场等场所更为广泛和频繁,自动扶梯的安全重要性尤为重要.文章首先分析自动扶梯非操纵逆转发生的主要故障原因;其次分析检规和标准对于非操纵逆转的要求;再次分析了目前主流的几种保护方法并阐述了其优缺点,最后从加强制动器和主驱动装置的维护保养、定期检验加入有载制动实验和增设附加制动器三方面提出改进意见.     

从大运会期间浓度变化来分析污染物削减措施效果

运用深圳以及周边城市的环境空气污染物浓度资料,分析了NO2、PM10、PM2.5的分布特征,重点讨论了大运会期间NO2、PM10和PM2.5浓度的变化规律,应用相似气象条件的概念,采取多种空间、时间对比分析的方法,排除客观因素,分析了大运会期间人为减排的具体效果,结果表明:大运会期间控制措施效果显著,PM10削减比例更大,也即大运会期间关停了一些高污染排放企业对污染浓度的影响更明显。大运会期间控制措施对各污染浓度的下降起一定作用,作用在白天时段更明显,且对PM2.5的控制效果更显著。大运会期间南山区管控效果最明显,中心福田区PM2.5控制最好。大运会期间的区域联合控制成效显著。大运会后期控制措施的解除,致使污染物浓度快速上升到较高水平,且工业布局密集的区域及机动车流量最大的区域上升幅度相应较大。     

Application of AERMOD on near future air quality simulation under the latest national emission control policy of China：A case study on an industrial city

Air quality model can be an adequate tool for future air quality prediction, also atmospheric observations supporting and emission control strategies responders. The influence of emission control policy (emission reduction targets in the national "China’s 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)") on the air quality in the near future over an important industrial city of China, Xuanwei in Yunnan Province, was studied by applying the AERMOD modeling system. First, our analysis demonstrated that the AERMOD modeling system could be used in the air quality simulation in the near future for SO2 and NOx under average meteorology but not for PM10. Second, after evaluating the simulation results in 2008 and 2015, ambient concentration of SO2, NOx and PM10 (only 2008) were all centered in the middle of simulation area where the emission sources concentrated, and it is probably because the air pollutions were source oriented. Last but not least, a better air quality condition will happen under the hypothesis that the average meteorological data can be used in near future simulation. However, there are still heavy polluted areas where ambient concentrations will exceed the air quality standard in near future. In spatial allocation, reduction effect of SO2 is more significant than NOx in 2015 as the contribution of SO2 from industry is more than NOx. These results inspired the regulatory applications of AERMOD modeling system in evaluating environmental pollutant control policy