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排序方式: 共有70条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Rashed MN 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,119(1-3):31-41
Lead, one of the earliest metals recognized and used by humans, has a long history of beneficial use. However, it is now recognized as toxic and as posing a widespread threat to humans and wildlife. Treatment of lead from polluted water and wastewater has received a great deal of attention. Adsorption is one of the most common technologies for the treatment of lead-polluted water. This technique was evaluated here, with the goal of identifying innovative, low-cost adsorbent. This study presents experiments undertaken to determine the suitable conditions for the use of peach and apricot stones, produced from food industries as solid waste, as adsorbents for the removal of lead from aqueous solution. Chemical stability of adsorbents, effect of pH, adsorbents dose, adsorption time and equilibrium concentration were studied. The results reveal that adsorption of lead ions onto peach stone was stronger than onto apricot stone up to 3.36% at 3 h adsorption time. Suitable equilibrium time for the adsorption was 3–5 h (% Pb adsorption 93% for apricot and 97.64% for peach). The effective adsorption range for pH in the range was 7–8. Application of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models show high adsorption maximum and binding energies for using these adsorbents for the removal of lead ions from contaminated water and wastewater. 相似文献
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通过对蒙脱石、沸石和蛭石进行改性处理,研究了三者对大肠杆菌(E.coB)和猪链球菌(S.suis)的抗菌作用。结果发现,经过改性处理后三者对细菌的抗菌能力上升,其中以双十八烷基二甲基溴化铵改性蒙脱石(DODMAB.MMT)的抗菌效果最好,对E.coli和S.suis的抗菌率达到95%以上。研究了DODMAB—MMT在体外对E.coli和S.suis的抗菌规律,以及对土壤中微生物的影响。结果表明,同等菌液浓度条件下,DODMAB—MMT对S.suis的抗菌效果好于E.coli。介质温度、pH值和有机物浓度都会对DODMAB—MMT的抗菌效果产生影响,在一定范围内,介质温度越高、pH值偏离中性、有机物含量越低时,抗菌效果越好。低浓度DODMAB—MMT(〈25rtlg/g土壤)对土壤中E.coli和S.suis基本无抗菌作用,高浓度DODMAB—MMT对土壤中的E.coli和S.suis具有抗菌作用。 相似文献
4.
范炳均 《石油化工环境保护》2002,25(3):23-26
介绍某公司腈纶污水的水质特点,处理工艺、主要设备及构筑物设计参数。该污水预处理装置运行以来,处理效果良好,符合后续生化处理的进水要求。 相似文献
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以城市污水厂脱水污泥为原料,通过添加尿素等辅助材料碳化制备污泥基吸附剂。采用比表面积孔隙分布测定仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对吸附剂表面组成及其结构进行表征,对比研究了掺入添加剂前后碳化污泥吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。结果表明,C/N共掺杂碳化污泥吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能较直接碳化污泥吸附剂明显提高,2种吸附剂的最佳吸附时间分别为2 h和4 h,pH是影响污泥基吸附剂吸附去除Cr(Ⅵ)的关键因素,其最适pH值均在1.0~2.5范围内。室温下C/N共掺杂污泥吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)符合Langmuir吸附模型,准二级动力学模型能很好地描述2种碳化污泥基吸附剂的吸附行为。热力学研究表明,C/N共掺杂污泥吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附是一个自发的吸热过程。 相似文献
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离子色谱法测定丙烯酸丁酯生产废水中丙烯酸和对甲基苯磺酸 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
建立了用离子色谱法测定丙烯酸丁酯生产废水中丙烯酸和对甲基苯磺酸的新方法。采用IonPac AS11-HC阴离子色谱柱,淋洗液为30mmol/L的NaOH淋洗液,流速1ml/min,抑制电流75mA。丙烯酸根的检测下限为0.44mg/L(峰面积)、0.46mg/L(峰高),保留时间、峰高、峰面积的变异系数分别为0.03%、0.50%、0.50%,峰高、峰面积的线性回归系数R分别为0.9929、0.9954。对甲基苯磺酸根的检测下限为0.49mg/L(峰面积)、0.48mg/L(峰高),保留时间、峰高、峰面积的变异系数分别为0.02%、0.48%、0.47%,峰高、峰面积的线性回归系数R分别为0.9990、0.9998。常规无机阴离子对丙烯酸、对甲基苯磺酸的测定没有干扰。对实际废水样品进行分析,丙烯酸、对甲基苯磺酸的回收率分别为101.6%~104.4%、95.4%~96.8%。方法简便、灵敏、可靠。 相似文献
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Violeta Neagu Carmen Paduraru Ion Bunia Lavinia Tofan 《Journal of environmental management》2009,91(1):270-276
Two acrylic adsorbents with different morphological structures and bearing amidoethylenamine and thiol groups were obtained and used for platinum sorption from chloride solution by the batch method. Physico-chemical parameters that influence adsorption such as initial Pt(IV) concentration, stirring time, pH, and adsorbent amount were investigated. The thermodynamic parameters of Pt(IV) sorption on the synthesized adsorbent were also evaluated based on Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters estimated from Langmuir constants indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic and there is a disordered state at the molecular level. The models used to analyze the sorption rate led to the conclusion that the most important step in the sorption of Pt(IV) could be both particle diffusion and chemical reaction of [PtCl6]− with amine functional groups. Thus, both the ion exchange and complex formation mechanisms can occur via nitrogen atoms in the recovery of Pt(IV) on the studied adsorbent. 相似文献
10.
Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this article, the technical feasibility of the use of activated carbon, synthetic resins, and various low-cost natural adsorbents for the removal of phenol and its derivatives from contaminated water has been reviewed. Instead of using commercial activated carbon and synthetic resins, researchers have worked on inexpensive materials such as coal fly ash, sludge, biomass, zeolites, and other adsorbents, which have high adsorption capacity and are locally available. The comparison of their removal performance with that of activated carbon and synthetic resins is presented in this study. From our survey of about 100 papers, low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for phenol and its derivatives compared to activated carbons. Adsorbents that stand out for high adsorption capacities are coal-reject, residual coal treated with H3PO4, dried activated sludge, red mud, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite. Of these synthetic resins, HiSiv 1000 and IRA-420 display high adsorption capacity of phenol and XAD-4 has good adsorption capability for 2-nitrophenol. These polymeric adsorbents are suitable for industrial effluents containing phenol and its derivatives as mentioned previously. It should be noted that the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents presented here vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of chemical modifications, and the concentrations of solutes. 相似文献