GW型加热炉烟气净化系统研究设计

为适应日益严格的环保要求,根据GW型燃油加热炉烟气排放特征和排放规律,设计采用循环流化床工艺进行除尘脱硫。中试结果表明:在最佳工况条件下,系统除尘效率可达97%～98%,脱硫效率达80%～90%,达到国家燃油锅炉一类区域排放标准要求。     

A COMPARISON OF DELTA CHANGE AND DOWNSCALED GCM SCENARIOS FOR THREE MOUNTAINOUS BASINS IN THE UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: Simulated daily precipitation, temperature, and runoff time series were compared in three mountainous basins in the United States: (1) the Animas River basin in Colorado, (2) the East Fork of the Carson River basin in Nevada and California, and (3) the Cle Elum River basin in Washington State. Two methods of climate scenario generation were compared: delta change and statistical downscaling. The delta change method uses differences between simulated current and future climate conditions from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HadCM2) General Circulation Model (GCM) added to observed time series of climate variables. A statistical downscaling (SDS) model was developed for each basin using station data and output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEPINCAR) reanalysis regridded to the scale of HadCM2. The SDS model was then used to simulate local climate variables using HadCM2 output for current and future conditions. Surface climate variables from each scenario were used in a precipitation‐runoff model. Results from this study show that, in the basins tested, a precipitation‐runoff model can simulate realistic runoff series for current conditions using statistically down‐scaled NCEP output. But, use of downscaled HadCM2 output for current or future climate assessments are questionable because the GCM does not produce accurate estimates of the surface variables needed for runoff in these regions. Given the uncertainties in the GCMs ability to simulate current conditions based on either the delta change or downscaling approaches, future climate assessments based on either of these approaches must be treated with caution.     

徐州、常州市尾水用于循环冷却水的可行性研究

针对徐州、常州市资源型缺水和水质型缺水的不同特点,分别进行了尾水用于循环冷却水的可行性研究。徐州市三八河污水处理厂、常州市城北污水处理厂和武进城区污水处理厂的尾水加入三聚磷酸钠 锌盐缓蚀剂后,腐蚀速率分别为0.001412￣0.004521mm·a-1,0.001925mm·a-1和0.006380mm·a-1,远低于国家制定的循环冷却水系统循环水对金属的腐蚀性要求(<0.125mm·a-1)。当试验的温度较低时,形成的磷酸盐垢很少,当温度高达70℃左右时,此配方的缓蚀剂还要和有效的阻垢剂PBTCA等联合使用。城市污水处理厂尾水回用于工业冷却水,在经济和社会可持续发展上明显优于地下水,是一种较为现实可靠的利用途径。     

Neural network modelling for the analysis of forcings/temperatures relationships at different scales in the climate system

A fully non-linear analysis of forcing influences on temperatures is performed in the climate system by means of neural network modelling. Two case studies are investigated, in order to establish the main factors that drove the temperature behaviour at both global and regional scales in the last 140 years. In particular, our neural network model shows the ability to catch non-linear relationships among these variables and to reconstruct temperature records with a high degree of accuracy. In this framework, we clearly show the need of including anthropogenic inputs for explaining the temperature behaviour at global scale and recognise the role of El Niño southern oscillation for catching the inter-annual variability of temperature data. Furthermore, we analyse the relative influence of global forcing and a regional circulation pattern in determining the winter temperatures in Central England, showing that the North Atlantic oscillation represents the driven element in this case study. Our modelling activity and results can be very useful for simple assessments of relationships in the complex climate system and for identifying the fundamental elements leading to a successful downscaling of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models.     

尾水用于循环冷却水的主要障碍和防腐试验研究

工业用水中循环冷却水要占到60%～80%,国内外城市尾水多回用于循环冷却水系统.循环冷却水系统产生的问题主要有结垢,设备腐蚀和细菌粘泥等.试验研究表明,徐州市三八河污水厂的尾水在经过一定的防腐措施后,可以用作循环冷却水,缓蚀剂可以选用目前使用广泛而且经济的三聚磷酸钠 Zn盐,当试验的温度较低(低于65℃)时,形成的磷酸盐垢很少,当温度高达70℃左右时,需要缓蚀剂和阻垢剂联合使用以提高系统的阻垢效应.     

黄河中游致洪暴雨的特征分析

本文通过对黄河中游地区解放以来所发生的几个降水强度大、范围广、洪涝灾害严重的典型暴雨个例分析，揭示该地区发生暴雨的一般气候特征。同时，结合暴雨发生前后的环流背景、影响系统和本区的地形条件，对暴雨成因进行了探讨和分析。     

长江中游致洪暴雨天气气候特征

本文从建国以来长江中游地区发生的所有暴雨事件中选出四个典型年，并从这些典型年的暴雨个例中得出暴雨和大暴雨和大暴雨的分布范围和暴雨特征，由此而造成的特大洪水情况，以及洪涝灾害对国民经济的影响。最后应用天气归纳方法分析了暴雨的大尺度环流背景。     

皂化废水的资源化治理技术

采用预处理后与锅炉烟气联合治理，废水循环回用的工艺治理高浓度碱性皂化废水，使皂化废水作为一项资源得到了充分的利用，取得了较好的环境和经济效益。     

Measurement of flow speed in the channels of novel threadlike structures on the surfaces of mammalian organs

There have been several reports on novel threadlike structures (NTSs) on the surfaces of the internal organs of rats and rabbits since their first observation by Bonghan Kim in 1963. To confirm this novel circulatory function, it is necessary to observe the flow of liquid through the NTS as well as the structurally corroborating channels in the NTS. In this article, we report on the measurement of the flow speed of Alcian blue solution in the NTSs on the organ surfaces of rabbits, and we present electron microscopic images depicting the cribrous cross-section with channels. The speed was measured as 0.3 ± 0.1 mm/s, and the flow distance was up to 12 cm. The flow was unidirectional, and the phase contrast microscopic images showed that the NTSs were strongly stained with Alcian blue. The ultrastructure of the NTSs revealed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy and high-voltage electron microscopy showed that (1) there were cell-like bodies and globular clumps of matter inside the sinus of the channel with thin strands of segregated zones which is a microscopic evidence of the liquid flow, (2) the sinuses have wall structures surrounded with extracellular matrices of collagenous fibers, and (3) there exists a cribriform structure of sinuses. To understand the mechanism for the circulation, a quantitative analysis of the flow speed has been undertaken applying a simplified windkessel model. In this analysis, it was shown that the liquid flow through the NTSs could be due to peristaltic motion of the NTS itself. Baeckkyoung Sung and Min Su Kim contributed equally to this work.     

应用循环流化床锅炉掺烧城市污泥的技术研究

研究了利用热电厂循环流化床锅炉掺烧城市污泥的技术,达到了最优化减少城市污泥对环境影响的效果。基于循环流化床锅炉具有负荷调节速度快、范围大,燃料适应性广、燃烧效率高,洁净的燃烧技术易于实现灰渣的综合利用等技术特点,文章尝试将城市污泥直接掺烧至循环流化床锅炉。实验结果表明,经高温焚烧的污泥可最大化实现减量,产生的灰渣已稳定和无害并可用作路基材料或建材厂制砖,实现了资源化利用。