废旧电池掩埋处理方法初探

以分别种植小叶黄杨和八角金盘的2块试验土地与1块贫瘠裸露土地作为对照,试验植物吸收处理废旧电池的重金属污染的掩埋方法。文章介绍了将废旧电池内部的糊状物分别掩埋在小叶黄杨,八角金盘和贫瘠裸露土地3块试验土中,选用电池内部含量较多的 Zn 等重金属元素为跟踪元素,经一定时间后分析土壤中重金属元素的残留量。测定结果发现,小叶黄杨能很好地吸收掩埋入土的重金属元素,而八角金盘则对重金属没有明显的吸收作用。     

重庆市近郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的质量现状

通过对重庆市近郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的监测和评价得出：重庆市近郊蔬菜基地部分土壤受到 Ｃｄ和Ｈｇ的污染；部分蔬菜受到Ｐｂ和Ｃｄ的污染。     

碳酸锶废水对生态环境的影响调查及治理方案

碳酸锶因电子工业飞速发展而身价百倍，但其生产废水的直接排放则造成了严重的环境污染，本文通过对水体、农业、渔业、人体健康和水生生物等多种因素调查，掌握了碳酸锶废水污染成因，同时提出了资源再利用方案。     

地下水污染健康风险评价理论体系研究

基于对风险的认识,以地下水为研究载体提出地下水污染健康风险评价的概念.按照风险识别、风险量化、风险管理的步骤构建了地下水污染健康风险评价的理论体系,并对每个步骤进行了详细的描述和研究方法的探讨,提出了判定的原则和方法以及对我国地下水污染健康风险管理的建议,以期为我国地下水资源管理和保护工作提供科学依据.     

关于室内装修有害气体烘焙排风稀释技术数值研究

依据实测数据,应用数值计算手法,对烘焙排风稀释技术不同工况下总挥发性有机化合物的排除量、烘焙排风稀释阶段室内空气中总挥发性有机化合物的浓度变化进行计算并讨论烘焙温度、换气次数对去除效果的影响。     

Susceptibility indexing method for irrigation water management planning: applications to K. Menderes river basin, Turkey

A susceptibility indexing method was developed based on vulnerability and quality indices. The contamination susceptibility index (SI) at a given location was calculated by taking the product of the vulnerability index (VI) and the quality index (QI): SI = VI × QI. This method incorporates both hydrogeological and hydrochemical data for a comprehensive index mapping. The DRASTIC index methodology was used for the hydrogeological data evaluations. The quality index calculation procedure based on a water quality classification scheme was introduced to evaluate hydrochemical data. The suggested susceptibility indexing method was applied to the Küçük Menderes river basin located in western Turkey. The susceptibility index map shows both hydrogeological and hydrochemical data related to the contamination problem including areas that should be taken into consideration during water management planning. The index map indicates that the most susceptible groundwater is located along the river channel between Kiraz and Tire towns, in the Selçuk area and along the Fertek stream channel to the north of Torbal? town. The results indicate that the incorporation of both hydrogeological and hydrochemical datasets enables more realistic evaluations than those of an individual dataset to estimate the groundwater contamination susceptibility of an aquifer. The numerical procedure applied could be extended further by including other parameters such as retardation, potential contaminant sources, etc. that affect the water quality in a given basin.     

Sorption of alpha and beta hydrophobic endosulfan in a Vertisol from southeast region of Turkey

Endosulfan has been applied to control numerous insects in a variety of food and non-food crops. Limited information is available on dynamics of this pesticide in the soil. The objective of this research was to determine the adsorption–desorption behavior of the alpha (α) and beta (β) endosulfan in a Vertisol from the southeast region of Turkey, where cotton is the main crop in the large irrigated lowlands. The α and β endosulfan were adsorbed considerably and Freundlich adsorption–desorption isotherms fitted the α and β endosulfan data (R² > 0.98). Freundlich adsorption coefficients (K_f) for the α endosulfan ranged between 21.63 and 16.33 while for the β endosulfan they were between 14.01 and 17.98 for the Ap and Bw2 horizons. The difference of K_f values of α and β endosulfan for two horizons were explained with the slight difference in the amount of organic matter and clay, but considerable difference in Fe contents of the two horizons. Alpha and β endosulfan K_fd values were 118.03 and 45.81 for the Ap and 48.08 and 68.71 for the Bw2 horizons. Higher adsorption and desorption behavior of the endosulfan isomers for the same horizon was attributed to poor physical bonding between the endosulfan molecule and the surfaces of fundamental soil particles. This fact is thought to increase the effective use of endosulfan in agriculture with a possibility of its movement to the surface and groundwater in the Vertisol studied.     

Grab and passive sampling applied to pesticide analysis in the São Lourenço river headwater in Campo Verde – MT,Brazil

In this study, the quality of surface water in the headwaters of São Lourenço River in Mato Grosso, Brazil, was evaluated in relation to contamination by pesticides. For this purpose, samples were collected between December 2015 and June 2016 by grab sampling and by passive sampling using an integrative polar organic compound sampler installed in the field during four 14-day cycles between March and June 2016. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography (CG/MS) and by liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed the detection of two pesticides (atrazine and pyraclostrobin) of the five analyzed by passive sampling and eight active principles among the 20 analyzed (malathion, diuron, carbofuran, carbendazim, trifluralin, imidacloprid, metolachlor, and acetamiprid) by grab sampling. The detection of 10 pesticides, even almost a decade after the beginning of a recovery process of the ciliary forest, confirms the headwaters' vulnerability to these contaminants and passive sampling proved to be an important tool in capturing small concentrations of pesticides constituting an interesting complement to grab sampling.     

Age-dating Diesel Fuel Spills: Using the European Empirical Time-based Model in the U.S.A.

In 1993, a paper was published by Christensen and Larsen that offered a method for determining the age of diesel oil spills in soil (Christensen and Larsen, 1993 Ground Water Mount. R . Fall , 142-149). It presented an empirical time-based model of the degradation of diesel fuel in soils using chemical data gathered at petroleum release sites in Denmark and the Netherlands. Now, evaluation of the validity of the application of this work to subsurface petroleum releases in other countries remains. In the U.S.A., investigations assessing date(s) of release of diesel fuel in soils, e.g. age dating of subsurface petroleum contamination, have considerable interest. Litigation-driven scientific investigations with accompanying expert testimony in a court of law are underway. The number of instances where application of the Christensen and Larsen empirical time-based model to petroleum-contaminated properties is growing in the U.S.A. This paper presents two case studies which evaluate the applicability of the Christensen and Larsen empirical time-based model to petroleum-contaminated properties in general. It illustrates the approach using gas chromatographic data from two recently-completed projects evaluating the applicability of the Christensen and Larsen model to a No. 2 fuel oil/diesel fuel surface spill in the U.S.A. Results showed that the application of the model to petroleum-contaminated soils was scientifically valid, provided its applicability was evaluated using hypothesis testing for specific changes in the characteristics of the petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in a number of soil samples collected over time at one site. The paper offers observations on the application of the Christensen and Larsen model to petroleum found in the light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) phase and groundwater.     

Combining a finite mixture distribution model with indicator kriging to delineate and map the spatial patterns of soil heavy metal pollution in Chunghua County, central Taiwan

This study identifies the natural background, anthropogenic background and distribution of contamination caused by heavy metal pollutants in soil in Chunghua County of central Taiwan by using a finite mixture distribution model (FMDM). The probabilities of contaminated area distribution are mapped using single-variable indicator kriging and multiple-variable indicator kriging (MVIK) with the FMDM cut-off values and regulation thresholds for heavy metals. FMDM results indicate that Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn can be individually fitted by a mixture model representing the background and contamination distributions of the four metals in soil. The FMDM cut-off values for contamination caused by the metals are close to the regulation thresholds, except for the cut-off value of Zn. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validates that indicator kriging and MVIK with FMDM cut-off values can reliably delineate heavy metals contamination, particularly for areas lacking background information and high heavy metal concentrations in soil.