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1.
人民生活水平的提高使人民对室内环境的舒适程度提出了更高要求 ,室内装饰织物的用量迅速增加 ,室内装饰织物在燃烧时会释放出大量有毒物质和热量 ,对人及环境构成了巨大危害。因此 ,研究装饰织物的燃烧特性非常重要。笔者利用热重 -差热 (TG -DTA)分析仪对纯棉、棉麻和腈纶这几种典型的装饰织物在不同的氧气浓度 (10 % ,15 % ,2 1% )和升温速率 (10K/min ,30K/min)条件下进行了热重分析 (TG)和差热分析 (DTA)实验 ,研究了它们的燃烧特性 ,并着重进行了不同氧浓度下的对比研究 ,发现试样的燃烧分为两个阶段。建立了以一级反应模型为主的动力学方程 ,并得出了各阶段的动力学参数、表观活化能和频率因子。 相似文献
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《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):577-588
Abstract A study was undertaken to determine the effect of Cu(II) in degradation of methylparathion (o,o-dimethyl o, 4-nitrophenyl phosphoriotioate) in acid medium. Initial electrochemical characterization of Cu(II) and methylparathion was done in an aqueous medium at a pH range of 2–7. Cu(II) was studied in the presence of different anions and it was observed that its electroactivity depends on pH and is independent of the anion used. Methylparathion had two reduction signals at pH ≤ 6 and only one at pH > 6. The pesticide's transformation kinetic was then studied in the presence of Cu(II) in acid buffered aqueous medium at pH values of 2, 4, and 7. Paranitrophenol appeared as the only electroactive product at all three pH values. The reaction was first order and had k values of 5.2 × 10?3 s?1 at pH 2, 5.5 × 10?3 s?1 at pH 4 and 9.0 × 10?3 s?1 at pH 7. It is concluded that the principal degradation pathway of methylparathion in acid medium is a Cu(II) catalyzed hydrolysis reaction. 相似文献
4.
Yongnian Ni Lin Wang Serge Kokot 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):328-335
A novel differential pulse voltammetry method (DPV) was researched and developed for the simultaneous determination of Pendimethalin, Dinoseb and sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate (5NG) with the aid of chemometrics. The voltammograms of these three compounds overlapped significantly, and to facilitate the simultaneous determination of the three analytes, chemometrics methods were applied. These included classical least squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS) and radial basis function-artificial neural networks (RBF-ANN). A separately prepared verification data set was used to confirm the calibrations, which were built from the original and first derivative data matrices of the voltammograms. On the basis relative prediction errors and recoveries of the analytes, the RBF-ANN and the DPLS (D – first derivative spectra) models performed best and are particularly recommended for application. The DPLS calibration model was applied satisfactorily for the prediction of the three analytes from market vegetables and lake water samples. 相似文献
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Studies of the otariids (fur seals and sea lions), a highly sexually dimorphic group, have provided conflicting evidence of
differential maternal expenditure in male and female offspring and, thus, suggestions that they conform to predictions of
investment theory are equivocal. Since the mid-1970s, a diversity of research on Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) including studies of their reproductive ecology, lactation energetics, and foraging behaviour have been conducted at Bird
Island, South Georgia that have resulted in one of the more complete and diverse data sets for any species of otariid. These
long-term data were reviewed to determine whether there was any evidence to support that differential maternal expenditure
occurred in Antarctic fur seals. Most of the data examined were collected during five consecutive austral summers from 1988
through 1992 and included years in which local food resources were abundant and scarce. We were unable to detect differences
in the sex ratios of pups at birth or sex-biased differences in growth rates estimated from serial data, the number of foraging
trips made, the duration of attendance ashore, diving behaviour, suckling behaviour, or milk consumption in any year and in
the duration of foraging trips or age at weaning in 2 of 3 years. In addition, we found no evidence of greater reproductive
costs between mothers with sons or daughters relative to their reproductive performance the following year. In contrast, sex-biased
differences were only found in the duration of foraging trips in 1990, the age at weaning in 1988, and consistently in growth
rates estimated from cross-sectional data. We suggest that differential maternal expenditure does not occur in Antarctic fur
seals because male pups probably do not gain greater benefit from additional maternal expenditure than female pups. After
weaning, males experience a period of rapid juvenile growth over 3–4 years during which time body mass nearly trebles. This
growth will almost certainly be dependent upon available food resources then rather than on any maternal expenditure received
over the first 4 months of life and, thus, the assumptions of the Trivers and Willard hypothesis are probably invalid for
Antarctic fur seals.
Received: 10 July 1996 / Accepted after revision: 3 March 1997 相似文献
7.
The sexy son hypothesis suggests that females obtain future fitness benefits from mating with polygynous males through the inheritance by their sons of traits contributing to mating success. We tested this hypothesis in the facultatively polygynous European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) in two ways. We first compared sons of monogynous and polygynous free-living males for their abilities in nest site acquisition and female-directed behaviors in controlled aviary tests. We then investigated eggs laid in monogynous and polygynous matings for concentrations of maternal steroid hormones that could affect behavioral differentiation of sons. Sons of polygynous fathers defended more nest boxes and produced more courtship song than sons of monogynous fathers. Mean concentrations of maternal androstenedione (A4), 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), and 17-estradiol (E) in yolks were not affected by mating status. However, the within-clutch pattern of A4 depended on mating status, with higher concentrations in last than in first eggs of clutches of monogynous but not polygynous matings. These results suggest that (1) sons may inherit from their fathers behavioral qualities for the successful acquisition of nest sites and attraction of mates; (2) differential exposure to maternal steroid hormones during development in the egg is unlikely the cause of the behavioral differences between adult sons of monogynous and polygynous fathers; and (3) females adjust the within-clutch pattern of androgen to mating status, possibly in response to the expected contribution of their mate to nestling care. 相似文献
8.
Jen-Hao Chi Sheng-Hung WuJean-Claude Charpentier Yet-Pole IChi-Min Shu 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(1):142-147
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), historically, due to its broad applications in the chemical industries, has caused many serious fires and explosions around the world. Its thermal hazards may also be incurred by an incompatible reaction with other chemicals, and a runaway reaction may be induced in the last stage. This study applied thermal analytical methods to explore the H2O2 leading to these accidents by incompatibility and to discuss what might be formed by the upset situations. Thermal hazard analysis contained a solvent, propanone (CH3COCH3, so-called acetone), which was deliberately selected to mix with H2O2 for investigating the degree of thermal hazard. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) were employed to evaluate the thermal hazard of H2O2. The results indicated that H2O2 is highly hazardous while mixed with propanone, as a potential contaminant. The time to maximum rate (TMR) was used as emergency response time in the chemical industries. Therefore, TMR of H2O2 was calculated to be 70 min for runaway reaction (after T0) and TMR of H2O2/propanone was discovered to be 27 min only. Fire and explosion hazards could be successfully lessened if the safety-related data are properly imbedded into manufacturing processes. 相似文献
9.
Despite the vast literature on male courtship behaviour, little is known about the function and information content of female courtship behaviour. Female courtship behaviour may be important in many species, particularly where both sexes invest heavily in the offspring, and if such behaviours contain honest information regarding a females potential reproductive investment, they may be particularly important in male mate choice. Using observations of two female courtship behaviours (the rush and the twitch) from experimental pairings in the Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni), I addressed the question of whether these courtship behaviours contained information on female reproductive output (clutch weight) and egg maturity (proximity to spawning), traits commonly associated with male mate choice. I especially focused on the importance of these courtship behaviours in relation to other female characters, such as size and condition, using multiple regression. I found that one of these behaviours, the rush, was strongly associated with fecundity, whereas size, condition and the twitch were not. Further, I found that the twitch behaviour was associated with how close to actual spawning a female was. The results suggest that female courtship behaviour may convey highly important information in a mate choice context. I discuss the adaptive value of honest information in female courtship behaviour in light of these results.Communicated by K. Lindström 相似文献
10.
Juliana Aparecida Diniz Leonardo Luiz Okumura Herbert Aleixo Alexandre Gurgel Astréa Filomena Souza Silva 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(6):583-591
AbstractAn original voltammetric screening method, employing glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the differential-pulse voltammetry technique (DPV), has been developed to determine residues of the anti-parasitic agent Ronidazole (RNZ) in bovine meat. By using cyclic voltammetry (CV), it has been demonstrated that an irreversible cathodic process occurs at approximately ?0.740?V (vs. Ag|AgCl, KCl 3?mol L?1) in a 0.100?mol L?1 phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 as supporting electrolyte. Furthermore, the behavior of RNZ in CV indicates the occurrence of a diffusion mass transfer process to the working electrode surface. The RNZ reduction mechanism was proposed as a 6-electron transfer, similar to Metronidazole under the same pH range. Quantification of RNZ and method validation were then carried out by DPV. The relative standard deviation (RSD) were 3.21% for intraday precision of 10 consecutive repetitions and 6.78% for interday precision after five analysis. Limits of detection and quantification were also obtained, and the values were 0.107 and 0.358?mg kg?1, respectively. The recovery percentage for three different concentrations of RNZ in the bovine meat matrix ranged between 98.1% and 100.3%. The method proved to be efficient for screening RNZ in bovine meat. 相似文献