Yellow River Valley flood and drought disaster:spatial-temporal distribution predictionand early-warning

ＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒＶａｌｌｅｙｆｌｏｏｄａｎｄｄｒｏｕｇｈｔｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒ：ｓｐａｔｉａｌ－ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅａｒｌｙ－ｗａｒｎｉｎｇＧａｏＬｉｎ，ＳｈａＷａｎｙｉｎｇ，ＬｉｕＨｕａｉｑｕａｎ，...     

渭河流域生态环境对野鸭数量分布的影响

环境是动物生存的基础，人类的活动对环境所造成的影响，直接导致动物种群数量的变动。通过渭河咸阳段气候、水质、水域面积、植物等环境因素的改变对野鸭数量分布影响的调查，表明环境的恶化导致了动物的生存受到威胁，数量减少，分布区域缩小。随着环境保护意识的增强，渭河流域的水土流失，水质污染、退耕还草等环境问题逐渐得到解决，动物的生活环境不断得到改善，其种群数量、分布范围随之增加。     

OPTIMIZATION MODELING OF A NEW FACILITY FOR THE CALIFORNIA STATE WATER PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: A non-linear optimization model is applied to the California State Water Project (SWP) and portions of the Central Valley Project (CVP). The model accounts for the major hydrologic, regulatory, and operational features of both projects. The model maximizes long-term SWP yields over a 70-year period, using a quarterly time step. The potential for increased yield associated with a proposed facility improvement is evaluated with the model. The proposed facility is an extension of the Folsom-South Canal, which would allow water to be conveyed from the American River below Folsom Reservoir into New Melones Reservoir on the Stanislaus River or into the California Aqueduct. Model results indicate that extension of the Folsom-South Canal has the potential to increase SWP yields by 13 percent.     

伊犁河谷北坡野果林群落结构及其与环境的关系

结合野外植被调查,在获取较为详细的生境数据基础上,探讨伊犁河谷北坡野果林群落与环境因子之间的定量关系.TWINSPAN和去趋势典范对应分析(DCCA)的结果表明:1)在伊犁河谷北坡野果林群落分布地段,地形因子、养分和水分条件是群落生境的基本因子;2)海拔因子指示出研究区野果林群落最基本的分化,说明海拔条件是制约研究区植物群落分布的最重要的因子;3)土壤表层水分状况与海拔关系较密切,反映了草本层群落所受到的水分条件影响;4)养分状况的差异,除了说明生境条件本身的差异外,也在一定程度上指示了群落现在生境的养分状况,受人为的影响较大.总之,在山地复杂的地形条件下,群落生境条件的差异非常显著,海拔、土壤含水率、全氮、坡向和pH值的组合,影响并控制着研究区各群落分布格局的形成.     

湘江流域湘潭段水体中氨氮变化趋势的研究

对湘江流域湘潭段2001-2010年近10年来氨氮的污染状况、变化趋势、污染原因等进行分析.结果表明：2001-2010年,湘江湘潭段的氨氮污染虽有起伏变化,但仍呈显著上升趋势,2007年发展至顶峰,随后逐年下降;涟水湘潭段的氨氮污染值自2006年起呈不显著下降趋势;从2008年开始湘江流域湘潭段氨氮年均值未再超标.     

渭河流域关中段城镇污水处理厂污泥处理技术调查与分析研究

根据渭河流域关中段的污染状况及《(渭河流域水污染防治三年行动方案(2012-2014年)》对科技攻关的实际需求,采用资料搜集、实地调查、问卷发放、数理统计等方式对渭河流域关中段55座城镇污水处理厂的污泥处理情况进行了调查与分析。根据调查分析结果,提出了渭河流域关中段城镇污水处理厂污泥处理技术在应用过程中存在的一些问题,并结合该流域实际情况提出了相应建议,期望能够对该流域污泥处理技术的良性发展提供"第一手"的参考资料。     

The Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan: A Decade of Delays

This article describes the history of the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (CVMSHCP), in the Riverside County region of Southern California. When this collaborative biodiversity conservation planning process began, in 1994, local participants and supporters had numerous factors working in their favor. Yet, as of April 2007, nearly 13 years had passed without an approved plan. This is a common problem. Many multiple species habitat conservation plans now take more than a decade to complete, and the long duration of these processes often results in negative consequences. The CVMSHCP process became bogged down—despite strong scientific input and many political advantages—due to problematic relationships between the Plan’s local supporters, its municipal signatory parties, and officials from the state and federal wildlife agencies, particularly the regional office of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. This case study demonstrates the crucial importance of institutional structures and relationships, process management, and timeliness in habitat conservation planning. We conclude by offering several related recommendations for future HCP processes.     

KRIGED ESTIMATES OF TRANSMISSIVITY IN THE MESILLA BOLSON,NEW MEXICO1

ABSTRACT: Kriging utilizes a statistically based procedure of spatial interpolation that incorporates the spatial correlation structure of the phenomenon, and provides an error estimate. Kriging was applied to a total of 141 transmissivity values in an attempt to quantify the transmissivity distribution of the Santa Fe aquifer in Mesilla Bolson. New Mexico. The analysis produced contour maps of estimated transmissivity values and associated estimation variances. Through variogram analysis and fitting of an exponential variogrsm to 141 natural log of transmissivity (InT) values, the range was determined to be 3 miles, the average variance 2.74 (σ_InT= 1.65) with a mean of 8.65. Kriged estimates were generally lower when compared to estimates based on available transmissivity maps.     

Balancing urban development and endangered species: The coachella valley habitat conservation plan

Habitat conservation plans (HCPs) permitted under Section 10(A) of the federal Endangered Species Act, have been increasingly used to overcome conflicts between urban development and species conservation. This article profiles one such HCP, the Coachella Valley (CA) Fringe-Toed Lizard Habitat Conservation Plan. The second HCP officially approved by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Coachella Valley case is frequently cited as a model for resolving conservation and development conflicts. The article begins with a discussion of the use of HCPs, and then provides a detailed discussion of Coachella Valley experience, its history, specific provisions, and success to date. A final section examines whether Coachella Valley does in fact represent a positive model. It is argued that the HCP has been less than fully successful and leaves unresolved a series of fundamental ethical and policy questions concerning the protection of endangered species. Funding for this report was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Foundation.