茶叶挥发物对白斑猎蛛觅食行为的影响

为了探明茶树叶片挥发物在白斑猎蛛(Evarcha albaria)选择觅食斑块过程中的作用,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究了其猎物假眼小绿叶蝉(Empoasca vitis)取食对茶树叶片挥发物释放的影响,同时利用蜘蛛行为观测平台研究了白斑猎蛛在不同味源侧(觅食斑块)的活动行为。结果表明,未损伤叶片(对照)仅释放出微量挥发物,而假眼小绿叶蝉成虫取食后的茶树叶片释放出14种挥发物;雌、雄蛛在进入处理味源(假眼小绿叶蝉取食后的茶树叶片)侧和对照侧的初次选择及进入频次上均无显著差异,但与对照相比,雌、雄蛛在虫害处理叶片中的停留时间显著增加。研究表明,假眼小绿叶蝉取食诱导了茶树叶片挥发物的释放,而挥发物种类和含量的变化造成了白斑猎蛛在不同味源侧停留时间的差异。     

衡阳地区黄刺蛾生活史及滞育习性观察

黄刺蛾Cmdocampa flavescens Walker 是我国林木、果树和园林绿化树上的重要害虫。该虫在湖南省衡阳地区1年发生1代,以老熟幼虫在茧内滞育越夏越冬,越冬幼虫于次年4月中旬开始化蛹,4月下旬至5月上旬为化蛹盛期,5月中旬成虫开始羽化,5月下旬幼虫开始孵化,6月下旬幼虫开始老熟做茧,7月上旬至次年4月中旬为幼虫滞育期。幼虫取食危害期仅1个月左右,幼虫在茧中滞育时间长达280d以上。     

草坪小绿叶蝉空间分布格局分析

用聚集度指标法、Iwao法、Taylor法对草坪小绿叶蝉的空间分布格局进行测定检验.结果表明,聚集度指标C>1、CA>0、Iw>1、1>0、K>0,说明小绿叶蝉在高羊茅草坪空间分布为聚集格局.拟合的回归方程为m<'*>=3.34710+1.58901x(r=0.8159)和lg(S<'2>)=0.67200+1.24334lg x(r=0.9640),说明小绿叶蝉在草坪上呈聚集分布,分布的基本成份为个体群,而且个体间相互吸引.     

Evaluation of microbially enhanced composting of sophora flavescens residues

The effects of inoculants on the composting of Sophora flavescens residues were evaluated based on several physical, chemical and biological parameters, as well as the infrared spectra. Compared to the control compost without inoculants, the treatment compost with inoculants (Bacillus subtilis strain G-13 and Chaetomium thermophilum strain GF-1) had a significantly longer thermophilic duration, higher cellulase activity and a higher degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (P < 0.05). Thus, a higher maturity degree of compost with apparently lower C:N ratio (15.88 vs. 17.77) and NH₄-N:NO₃-N ratio (0.16 vs. 0.20) was obtained with the inoculation comparing with the control (P < 0.05). Besides, the inoculants could markedly accelerate the composting process and increase the maturity degree of compost as indicated by the germination index (GI) in which the treatment reached the highest GI of 133.2% at day 15 while the control achieved the highest GI of 125.7% at day 30 of the composting. Inoculation with B. subtilis and C. thermophilum is a useful method to enhance the S. flavescens residues composting according to this study.