全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1290篇 |
免费 | 78篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 41篇 |
废物处理 | 8篇 |
环保管理 | 905篇 |
综合类 | 116篇 |
基础理论 | 155篇 |
污染及防治 | 70篇 |
评价与监测 | 34篇 |
社会与环境 | 35篇 |
灾害及防治 | 17篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 41篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 25篇 |
2013年 | 34篇 |
2012年 | 34篇 |
2011年 | 67篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 83篇 |
2008年 | 71篇 |
2007年 | 62篇 |
2006年 | 51篇 |
2005年 | 42篇 |
2004年 | 59篇 |
2003年 | 50篇 |
2002年 | 44篇 |
2001年 | 36篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 49篇 |
1998年 | 42篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 60篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1381条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Chris J. Matthews David B. Newton Roger D. Braddock Bofu Yu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(1):27-41
Recently, the New Morris Method has been presented as an effective sensitivity analysis tool for mathematical models. The
New Morris Method estimates the sensitivity of an output parameter to a given set of input parameters (first-order effects)
and the extent these parameters interact with each other (second-order effects). This method requires the specification of
two parameters (runs and resolution) that control the sampling of the output parameter to determine its sensitivity to various
inputs. The criteria for these parameters have been set on the analysis of a well-behaved analytical function (see Cropp and
Braddock, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 78:77–83, 2002), which may not be applicable to other physical models that describe complex
processes. This paper will investigate the appropriateness of the criteria from (Cropp and Braddock, 2002) and hence the effectiveness
of the New Morris Method to determine the sensitivity behaviour of two hydrologic models: the Soil Erosion and Deposition
System and Griffith University Representation of Urban Hydrology. In the first case, this paper will separately analyse the
sensitivity of an output parameter on a set of input parameters (first- and second-order effects) for each model and discuss
the physical meaning of these sensitivities. This will be followed by an investigation into the sampling criteria by exploring
the convergence of the sensitivity behaviour for each model as the sampling of the parameter space is increased. By comparing
these trends to the convergence behaviour from Cropp and Braddock (2002), we will determine how well the New Morris Method
estimates the sensitivity for each model and whether the sampling criteria are appropriate for these models. It will be shown
that the New Morris Method can provide additional insight into the functioning of these models, and that, under a different
metric, the sensitivity behaviour of these models does converge confirming the sampling criteria set by Cropp and Braddock. 相似文献
2.
Mitigation and adaptation synergy in forest sector 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
N. H. Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):843-853
Mitigation and adaptation are the two main strategies to address climate change. Mitigation and adaptation have been considered
separately in the global negotiations as well as literature. There is a realization on the need to explore and promote synergy
between mitigation and adaptation while addressing climate change. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the synergy
between mitigation and adaptation by considering forest sector, which on the one hand is projected to be adversely impacted
under the projected climate change scenarios and on the other provide opportunities to mitigate climate change. Thus, the
potential and need for incorporating adaptation strategies and practices in mitigation projects is presented with a few examples.
Firstly, there is a need to ensure that mitigation programs or projects do not increase the vulnerability of forest ecosystems
and plantations. Secondly, several adaptation practices could be incorporated into mitigation projects to reduce vulnerability.
Further, many of the mitigation projects indeed reduce vulnerability and promote adaptation, for example; forest and biodiversity
conservation, protected area management and sustainable forestry. Also, many adaptation options such as urban forestry, soil
and water conservation and drought resistant varieties also contribute to mitigation of climate change. Thus, there is need
for research and field demonstration of synergy between mitigation and adaptation, so that the cost of addressing climate
change impacts can be reduced and co-benefits increased. 相似文献
3.
旅游踩踏对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
为了探明旅游活动对张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物活性及多样性的影响,保护土壤生态平衡及合理开发自然保护区提供理论依据,进行了旅游踩踏对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响研究.结果表明,在所设的3个试验区中,0~5cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响最严重,5~15cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响较严重,而15~25cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响最轻,旅游踩踏对所设3个试验区中3个层次土壤的微生物生物量碳、磷的影响均达到了显著水平(p<0.05).从旅游踩踏对3个土壤层的微生物生物量氮的影响程度来看,0~5cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响最严重,5~15cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响较严重,而15~25cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响最轻,背景区与缓冲区15~25cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮差异没有达到显著水平.说明张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物遭到了旅游踩踏的破坏,抵御外界干扰的能力已受到了旅游踩踏的破坏. 相似文献
4.
本文讨论了森林经营方案实施的反馈控制模式,提出了森林经营方案实施的反馈控制模型,这经营方案实施策略的最优调整提供了科学的方法。 相似文献
5.
兴文石林是喀斯特岩溶地质风景名胜区兴文石海的中心景区,喀斯特岩溶山地的生态环境具有一定脆弱特性,随着旅游业的不断发展,景区加大了开发力度,可能导致景区脆弱性的加剧,为了保证在旅游开发中能对景区重要的地质资源进行更好地保护,采用生态脆弱区评级指标及权重值评分法对兴文石林的10个主景点进行了研究,分析得出,兴文石林存在轻生态脆弱性、中生态脆弱性和强生态脆弱性三种梯度趋向,其中,脆弱性最强区域面积达到2平方公里的面积,这些区域分布在景区的边缘地带,因此,要实现旅游资源的可持续利用,必须对强生态脆弱性区域实行禁游和实行退耕还林等措施,以防止脆弱区域的扩大和脆弱性加剧. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Baxter E. Vieux Fekadu G. Moreda 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(4):757-769
ABSTRACT: A synthetic relationship is developed between nutrient concentrations and discharge rates at two river gauging sites in the Illinois River Basin. Analysis is performed on data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on nutrients in 1990 through 1997 and 1999 and on discharge rates in 1988 through 1997 and 1999. The Illinois River Basin is in western Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma and is designated as an Oklahoma Scenic River. Consistently high nutrient concentrations in the river and receiving water bodies conflict with recreational water use, leading to intense stakeholder debate on how best to manage water quality. Results show that the majority of annual phosphorus (P) loading is transported by direct runoff, with high concentrations transported by high discharge rates and low concentrations by low discharge rates. A synthetic relationship is derived and used to generate daily phosphorus concentrations, laying the foundation for analysis of annual loading and evaluation of alternative management practices. Total nitrogen (N) concentration does not have as clear a relationship with discharge. Using a simple regression relationship, annual P loadings are estimated as having a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 39.8 t/yr and 31.9 t/yr and mean absolute percentage errors of 19 percent and 28 percent at Watts and Tahlequah, respectively. P is the limiting nutrient over the full range of discharges. Given that the majority of P is derived from Arkansas, management practices that control P would have the most benefit if applied on the Arkansas side of the border. 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACT: The time to hydrograph peak of a watershed basin has been found to correlate with various statistical attributes (e.g., skewness and kurtosis) of its hypsometric curve (treated as probability distribution). This paper presents a theoretical travel time that is conceptually analogous to the time to hydrograph peak and can be calculated directly from the hypsometric curve of a watershed basin based on gravity and acceleration. The theoretical travel times for 23 selected watersheds in the United States are found to correlate significantly with their corresponding hypsometric attributes. In addition, the theoretical travel times are consistent with the times of concentration estimated from the Federal Aviation Administration method. Thus, this paper offers a simple theoretical explanation to the empirically identified linkage between time to hydrograph peak and hypsometric attributes. This theoretical travel time can provide an alternative way of characterizing the effects of basin morphometry on hydrologic response. 相似文献
10.
Keith E. Schilling Robert D. Libra 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(4):851-860
ABSTRACT: Historical trends in annual discharge characteristics were evaluated for 11 gauging stations located throughout Iowa. Discharge records from nine eight‐digit hydrologic unit code (HUC‐8) watersheds were examined for the period 1940 to 2000, whereas data for two larger river systems (Cedar and Des Moines Rivers) were examined for a longer period of record (1903 to 2000). In nearly all watersheds evaluated, annual base flow, annual minimum flow, and the annual base flow percentage significantly increased over time. Some rivers also exhibited increasing trends in total annual discharge, whereas only the Maquoketa River had significantly decreased annual maximum flows. Regression of stream discharge versus precipitation indicated that more precipitation is being routed into streams as base flow than as storm flow in the second half of the 20th Century. Reasons for the observed stream flow trends are hypothesized to include improved conservation practices, greater artificial drainage, increasing row crop production, and channel incision. Each of these reasons is consistent with the observed trends, and all are likely responsible to some degree in most watersheds. 相似文献