排序方式: 共有11条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Karley Campbell Ilkka Matero Christopher Bellas Thomas Turpin-Jelfs Philipp Anhaus Martin Graeve Francois Fripiat Martyn Tranter Jack Christopher Landy Patricia Sanchez-Baracaldo Eva Leu Christian Katlein C. J Mundy Sren Rysgaard Letizia Tedesco Christian Haas Marcel Nicolaus 《Ambio》2022,51(2):318
Sea ice continues to decline across many regions of the Arctic, with remaining ice becoming increasingly younger and more dynamic. These changes alter the habitats of microbial life that live within the sea ice, which support healthy functioning of the marine ecosystem and provision of resources for human-consumption, in addition to influencing biogeochemical cycles (e.g. air–sea CO2 exchange). With the susceptibility of sea ice ecosystems to climate change, there is a pressing need to fill knowledge gaps surrounding sea ice habitats and their microbial communities. Of fundamental importance to this goal is the development of new methodologies that permit effective study of them. Based on outcomes from the DiatomARCTIC project, this paper integrates existing knowledge with case studies to provide insight on how to best document sea ice microbial communities, which contributes to the sustainable use and protection of Arctic marine and coastal ecosystems in a time of environmental change.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01658-z. 相似文献
2.
Wei Jiang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1619-1625
Toxicity of nano-scaled aluminum, silicon, titanium and zinc oxides to bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) was examined and compared to that of their respective bulk (micro-scaled) counterparts. All nanoparticles but titanium oxide showed higher toxicity (at 20 mg/L) than their bulk counterparts. Toxicity of released metal ions was differentiated from that of the oxide particles. ZnO was the most toxic among the three nanoparticles, causing 100% mortality to the three tested bacteria. Al2O3 nanoparticles had a mortality rate of 57% to B. subtilis, 36% to E. coli, and 70% to P. fuorescens. SiO2 nanoparticles killed 40% of B. subtilis, 58% of E. coli, and 70% of P. fluorescens. TEM images showed attachment of nanoparticles to the bacteria, suggesting that the toxicity was affected by bacterial attachment. Bacterial responses to nanoparticles were different from their bulk counterparts; hence nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms need to be studied thoroughly. 相似文献
3.
污染控制中混合菌的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述优势混合菌的选育混合菌在废水污染物的降解及废物资源化中的作用,指出目前存在的问题和今后的发展方向。 相似文献
4.
5.
生物泥浆反应器中微生物数量变化与PAHs降解 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分别以浓度、温度、接种量、通气量和表面活性剂为降解调控因子,采用平板记数法进行了生物泥浆反应器中微生物数量变化与PAHs降解的关系研究。结果表明:土壤中细菌数量与PHE、PY投加浓度呈显著正相关。PHE、PY初始浓度越高,细菌数量越大。此外,反应器的温度对微生物生长速度和数量有重要影响。反应器温度为30℃时对细菌迅速繁殖有利,反应器温度为20℃时对真菌生长繁殖有利。接种量为5%即可明显提高PHE和 相似文献
6.
7.
John D. Stark James F. Walter 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):685-698
Abstract The persistence of two insecticidally active compounds from the neem tree, azadirachtin A and B, was determined at two different temperatures (15 and 25°C) in the laboratory after application of the commercial neem insecticide, Margosan‐O, to a sandy loam soil. The influence of microbial activity on degradation was also examined by comparing autoclaved and non‐autoclaved soils also at 15 and 25°C. Temperature influenced degradation rates. The DT 50 (time required for 50% disappearance of the initial concentration) for azadirachtin A was 43.9 and 19.8 d for non‐autoclaved soil kept at 15 and 25°C, respectively. The DT 50 for azadirachtin B was 59.2 and 20.8 d for non‐autoclaved soil kept at 15 and 25°C, respectively. Microbial activity was also responsible for faster degradation because DT 50 ’s for autoclaved soil were much longer than for non‐autoclaved soils. DT 50 ‘s for azadirachtin A in autoclaved soil were 91.2 (15°C) and 31.5 d (25°C). DT50’s for azadirachtin B in autoclaved soil were 115.5 (15°C) and 42.3 d (25°C). Two degradation products of azadirachtin were detected, but were not identified. Higher levels of the two degradation products were detected in non‐autoclaved soil. 相似文献
8.
The individual-based (aka agent-based) approach is now well established in ecological modeling. Traditionally, most applications have been to organisms at higher trophic levels, where the importance of population heterogeneity (intra-population variability), complete life cycles and behavior adapted to internal and external conditions has been recognized for some time. However, advances in molecular biology and biochemistry have brought about an increase in the application of individual-based modeling (IBM) to microbes as well. This literature review summarizes 46 IBM papers for bacteria in wastewater treatment plants, phytoplankton in ocean and inland waters, bacteria in biofilms, bacteria in food and other environs, and “digital organisms” and “domesticated computer viruses” in silico. The use of IBM in these applications was motivated by population heterogeneity (45%), emergence (24%), absence of a continuum (5%), and other unknown reasons (26%). In general, the challenges and concepts of IBM modeling for microbes and higher trophic levels are similar. However, there are differences in the microbe population dynamics and their environment that create somewhat different challenges, which have led to somewhat different modeling concepts. Several topics are discussed, including producing, maintaining and changing population heterogeneity (different life histories, internal variability, positive feedback, inter-generation memory), dealing with very large numbers of individuals (different up-scaling methods, including representative space vs. super-individual, number vs. biomass based, discrete vs. continuous kinetics, various agent accounting methods), handling space, simulating interactions with the extracellular environment (hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian approach), modeling agent–agent interaction (self-shading, predation, shoving) and passive transport (random walk with spatially variable diffusivity, well-mixed reactors). Overall, the literature indicates that the application of IBM to microbes is developing into a mature field. However, several challenges remain, including simulating various types of agent–agent interactions (formation and function of colonies or filaments, sexual reproduction) and even smaller individuals (viruses, genes). Further increases in intracellular detail and complexity in microbe IBMs may be considered the combination of systems biology and systems ecology, or the new field of systems bioecology. 相似文献
9.
针对神东矿区生活污水处理厂广泛使用的ICEAS工艺的活性污泥培养以及不同阶段主要微生物进行研究,研究活性污泥在不同生长阶段微生物的特点以及生活污水各项指标,有效地保证活性污泥的处理效率。 相似文献
10.
Michael P. Lombardo 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(4):479-497
A central question in behavioral ecology has been why animals live in groups. Previous theories about the evolution of sociality
focused on the potential benefits of decreased risk of predation, increased foraging or feeding efficiency, and mutual aid
in defending resources and/or rearing offspring. This paper argues that access to mutualistic endosymbiotic microbes is an
underappreciated benefit of group living and sets out to reinvigorate Troyer’s hypothesis that the need to obtain cellulolytic
microbes from conspecifics influenced the evolution of social behavior in herbivores and to extend it to nonherbivores. This
extension is necessary because the benefits of endosymbionts are not limited to nutrition; endosymbionts also help protect
their hosts from pathogens. When hosts must obtain endosymbionts from conspecifics, they are forced to interact. Thus, complex
forms of sociality may be more likely to evolve when hosts must repeatedly obtain endosymbionts from conspecifics than when
endosymbionts can be obtained either directly from the environment, are vertically transmitted, or when repeated inoculations
are not necessary. Observations from a variety of taxa are consistent with the ideas that individuals benefit from group living
by gaining access to endosymbionts and the complexity of social behavior is associated with the mode of acquisition of endosymbionts.
Ways to test this theory include (a) experiments designed to examine the effects of endosymbionts on host fitness and how
endosymbionts are obtained and (b) using phylogenetic analyses to examine endosymbiont–host coevolution with the goal of determining
the relationship between the mode of endosymbiont acquisition and host sociality. 相似文献