全文获取类型
收费全文 | 317篇 |
免费 | 50篇 |
国内免费 | 75篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 3篇 |
废物处理 | 3篇 |
环保管理 | 208篇 |
综合类 | 130篇 |
基础理论 | 24篇 |
污染及防治 | 18篇 |
评价与监测 | 32篇 |
社会与环境 | 20篇 |
灾害及防治 | 4篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 22篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 28篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有442条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
本文基于中国境内的湖泊、水库、河流等淡水系统CH4排放研究的相关成果,对203个湖泊(595个样点)、46个水库(221个样点)、112条河流(441个样点),总计1257个样点的CH4通量数据进行统计分析,探讨了中国淡水系统(湖泊、水库、河流)CH4排放的一般特征,总结了当前研究进展,并进一步估算和评估了中国淡水系统CH4排放总量水平.结果表明:1)中国湖泊CH4排放通量平均为(1.17±1.87) mg/(m2·h),蒙新湖区((3.84±0.57) mg/(m2·h))和东北湖区((2.62±3.54) mg/(m2·h))较高,青藏湖区((1.94±4.13) mg/(m2·h))次之,东部湖区((0.81±0.90) mg/(m2·h))较低,云贵湖区((0.19±0.26) mg/(m2·h))最低;湖泊CH4排放通量呈显著的纬度模式,高纬度地区湖泊CH4排放高于低纬度地区;2)水库CH4排放通量((1.25±1.78) mg/(m2·h))与湖泊相似,水库消落带较高的排放通量((4.34±4.45)mg/(m2·h))对水库CH4排放具有重要贡献;3)河流CH4排放((0.82±1.14) mg/(m2·h))略低于湖库,长江水系CH4排放通量((0.98±2.38) mg/(m2·h))和黄河水系((0.85±0.75) mg/(m2·h))相近,高于海河水系((0.54±0.93) mg/(m2·h)),辽河、珠江水系研究较少,数据变异性极大;4)受降水、温度、径流稀释等影响,淡水系统CH4排放呈显著的季节变化,其中湖库排放夏季高于秋季,冬春季较低,而河流则春秋季高于夏冬季;5)基于外推法估算全国湖泊、水库、河流CH4排放总量分别约为0.96,0.29,0.76Tg/a,相当于全国湿地系统排放的75%.由于较大的时空变异性以及监测数据分布的不均匀性,目前估算存在较大的不确定性,但淡水系统CH4排放在全球气候变化中的贡献仍不容小觑. 相似文献
2.
The province of Huelva in the SW of Spain presents high environmental contrasts: together with the great abundance of natural spaces, it shows the impacts of historical natural resources exploitation processes. In the Ria of Huelva, the effluents of the chemical industries must be added to the contaminating inputs of the Tinto and Odiel rivers, coming from the acid drainage of the mines located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. This forced the Environmental Agency (AMA) to elaborate in 1987 an Effluent Remediation Plan in order to negate unacceptable environmental impacts. The application of a grey box systemic analysis to the AMD pollution, undergone by the Tinto and Odiel rivers has allowed to set a conclusive explanation of the sampling results observed for a period of 11 years, thus making available an overall view of the polluting process and, above all, an explanation of its partial aspects. 相似文献
3.
Human induced increases to nutrientconcentrations in streams have led to many agenciesdeveloping strategies and criteria for nutrientreduction. National or statewide guidelines aregenerally inappropriate, due to the natural variabilityin stream ecosystems within political boundaries. Thisstudy used an extant aquatic macroinvertebrate-basedregionalisation for the state of Victoria, Australia, asthe basis for defining regions of relatively homogeneousenvironmental character. This enabled the selection ofecologically-based regional reference sites andsubsequent characterisation of the nutrient status ofthese sites. Using an extensive biological and nutrientdata base for streams across the State, we calculated50th and 75th percentile concentrations forreference sites within each region. Using thesepercentiles in conjunction with impact and recoverystudies, we defined nutrient guidelines for each region. Although the nutrient data largely supported thebiological regionalisation, patterns in the nutrient datadid require some minor modifications for the nutrientregions. Relatively unimpacted regions with referencesites in very good-to excellent-condition were assignedguidelines largely based on the 75th percentiles. The more impacted regions, where best availablereference sites were of poorer quality, were assignedguidelines based largely on the 50th percentiles. Professional judgement and known extents of impactsacross each region provided important contributions tothe decision-making process. The derived guidelineconcentrations are comparable to several cited in theliterature and are proposed for use in monitoring,assessment and restoration targets. 相似文献
4.
Aaron I. Packman Andrea Marion Mattia Zaramella Cheng Chen Jean-François Gaillard Denis T. Keane 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):433-442
Hyporheic exchange is known to provide an important control on nutrient and contaminant fluxes across the stream-subsurface
interface. Similar processes also mediate interfacial transport in other permeable sediments. Recent research has focused
on understanding the mechanics of these exchange processes and improving estimation of exchange rates in natural systems.
While the structure of sediment beds obviously influences pore water flow rates and patterns, little is known about the interplay
of typical sedimentary structures, hyporheic exchange, and other transport processes in fluvial/alluvial sediments. Here we
discuss several processes that contribute to local-scale sediment heterogeneity and present results that illustrate the interaction
of overlying flow conditions, the development of sediment structure, pore water transport, and stream-subsurface exchange.
Layered structures are shown to develop at several scales within sediment beds. Surface sampling is used to analyze the development
of an armor layer in a sand-and-gravel bed, while innovative synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography is used to observe patterns
of grain sorting within sand bedforms. We show that layered bed structures involving coarsening of the bed surface increase
interfacial solute flux but produce an effective anisotropy that favors horizontal pore water transport while limiting vertical
penetration. 相似文献
5.
Jennifer E. Kay Stephanie K. Kampf Rebecca N. Handcock Keith A. Cherkauer Alan R. Gillespie Stephen J. Burges 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(5):1161-1175
Emitted thermal infrared radiation (TIR, λ= 8 to 14 μm) can be used to measure surface water temperatures (top approximately 100 μm). This study evaluates the accuracy of stream (50 to 500 m wide) and lake (300 to 5,000 m wide) radiant temperatures (15 to 22°C) derived from airborne (MASTER, 5 to 15 m) and satellite (ASTER 90 m, Landsat ETM+ 60 m) TIR images. Applied atmospheric compensations changed water temperatures by ?0.2 to +2.0°C. Atmospheric compensation depended primarily on atmospheric water vapor and temperature, sensor viewing geometry, and water temperature. Agreement between multiple TIR bands (MASTER ‐ 10 bands, ASTER ‐ 5 bands) provided an independent check on recovered temperatures. Compensations improved agreement between image and in situ surface temperatures (from 2.0 to 1.1°C average deviation); however, compensations did not improve agreement between river image temperatures and loggers installed at the stream bed (from 0.6 to 1.6°C average deviation). Analysis of field temperatures suggests that vertical thermal stratification may have caused a systematic difference between instream gage temperatures and corrected image temperatures. As a result, agreement between image temperatures and instream temperatures did not imply that accurate TIR temperatures were recovered. Based on these analyses, practical accuracies for corrected TIR lake and stream surface temperatures are around 1°C. 相似文献
6.
Anna Eleria Richard M. Vogel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(5):1195-1209
In Massachusetts, the Charles River Watershed Association conducts a regular water quality monitoring and public notification program in the Charles River Basin during the recreational season to inform users of the river's health. This program has relied on laboratory analyses of river samples for fecal coliform bacteria levels, however, results are not available until at least 24 hours after sampling. To avoid the need for laboratory analyses, ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models were developed to predict fecal coliform bacteria concentrations and the probabilities of exceeding the Massachusetts secondary contact recreation standard for bacteria based on meteorological conditions and streamflow. The OLS models resulted in adjusted R2s ranging from 50 to 60 percent. An uncertainty analysis reveals that of the total variability of fecal coliform bacteria concentrations, 45 percent is explained by the OLS regression model, 15 percent is explained by both measurement and space sampling error, and 40 percent is explained by time sampling error. Higher accuracy in future bacteria forecasting models would likely result from reductions in laboratory measurement errors and improved sampling designs. 相似文献
7.
Small body size is generally correlated with r‐selected life‐history traits, including early maturation, short‐generation times, and rapid growth rates, that result in high population turnover and a reduced risk of extinction. Unlike other classes of vertebrates, however, small freshwater fishes appear to have an equal or greater risk of extinction than large fishes. We explored whether particular traits explain the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List conservation status of small‐bodied freshwater fishes from 4 temperate river basins: Murray‐Darling, Australia; Danube, Europe; Mississippi‐Missouri, North America; and the Rio Grande, North America. Twenty‐three ecological and life‐history traits were collated for all 171 freshwater fishes of ≤120 mm total length. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models to assess which combination of the 23 traits best explained whether a species was threatened or not threatened. We used the best models to predict the probability of 29 unclassified species being listed as threatened. With and without controlling for phylogeny at the family level, small body size—among small‐bodied species—was the most influential trait correlated with threatened species listings. The k‐folds cross‐validation demonstrated that body size and a random effect structure that included family predicted the threat status with an accuracy of 78% (SE 0.5). We identified 10 species likely to be threatened that are not listed as such on the IUCN Red List. Small body size is not a trait that provides universal resistance to extinction, particularly for vertebrates inhabiting environments affected by extreme habitat loss and fragmentation. We hypothesize that this is because small‐bodied species have smaller home ranges, lower dispersal capabilities, and heightened ecological specialization relative to larger vertebrates. Trait data and further model development are needed to predict the IUCN conservation status of the over 11,000 unclassified freshwater fishes, especially those under threat from proposed dam construction in the world's most biodiverse river basins. 相似文献
8.
In beaver ponds, the species diversity, abundance, biomass, and production of cladocerans and the amount of food consumed by them have increased and the composition of dominant species has changed as compared to those in the stretches of small rivers with running water or dammed by man. The stimulating effect of water from a beaver pond has been confirmed in laboratory experiments. The average number of juvenile Ceriodaphnia affinis produced by one female was considerably greater in this water than in the water from flowing and dammed (by man) river stretches. 相似文献
9.
Sustainable use of water and land resources requires that these scarce resources be appropriately allocated among various
competing human activities. Worldwide, there is a realization now that sustainable river basin management should be accorded
the highest priority, because it deals not only with technical, but also with ecological and socioeconomic aspects, and thus
calls for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach. However, most of the policy and planning documents have either remained
silent, or have made only implicit reference to the importance of environmental water demand (EWD) and its quantification.
Therefore, in the light of its importance, a methodology has been evolved in this article for quantifying EWD for various
forested areas in two distinctly different Indian river basins: Brahmani (humid zone) and Sabarmati (dry zone). The article
analyzes and discusses EWD estimates at three different spatial levels: river basins, states, and districts within them, and
finally presents a comparative analysis of all these results. Findings of the present study will be immensely useful in understanding
various ecological issues connected with water resource projects and proposals in these river basins. 相似文献
10.