凡口铅锌矿床地球化学特征及成矿作用分析

凡口铅锌矿床是发育于碳酸盐岩建造中的海底热泉喷溢沉积矿床,以“一大二富三集中”的特点和典型的地质地球化学特征吸引着中外矿床地质工作者。常量元素和矿化元素的分布、矿物包裹体特征、稀土元素组成和硫同位素组成反映出该矿床与外生作用有关。铅同位素组成具有壳源和下地壳来源铅的特征,矿物包裹体水氢、氧同位素组成表明,成矿溶液可能与深层建造水有关,后期与大气降水有关。矿区主要矿层经历海底热泉喷溢沉积-成岩的演化。     

Enzymatic degradation of poly([R,S] β-hydroxybutyrate)

The synthetic analogue of a bacterially produced polyester, poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was synthesized from racemic -butyrolactone using anin situ trimethyl aluminum-water catalyst. The polymer was fractionated into samples differing in molecular weight and isotactic diad content. The latter was closely related to degree of crystallinity. The biodegradation of these fractions were examined by monitoring mass loss over time in the presence of anAlcaligenes faecalis T1 extracellular bacterial poly(-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase. The fraction with high isotactic diad tacticity content showed little or no degradation over a 50 hour incubation period, whereas the fraction of intermediate isotactic diad content degraded in a continuous steady fashion at a rate that was less than that for bacterial PHB. The low isotactic diad fraction underwent a rapid initial degradation, followed by no further mass loss. The presence of stereoblocks in the polymer structure of the various fractions was an influence on the degree of susceptibility towards degradation and is related to sample crystallinity.     

生活污水化学需氧量的快速测定

我们采用国家标准方法和CTL－12型仪器快速法进行对比实验，得到以下结论：CTL－12型测定仪器的回收率在91％－103％之间，一般，随着测定浓度增大，其相对偏差及相对误差都减小，当COD＞60mg/L，时，相对标准偏差小于10．0％，相对误差小于6．0％，能满足实验要求，当COD≤30mg/L时，相对标准偏差大于26．0％，相对误差大于17．5％，为了得到准确值，建议用国际法测定。     

Identification of managerial shaping factors in a petrochemical plant by resilience engineering and data envelopment analysis

Resilience engineering (RE) is a novel approach that is capable of controlling and limiting incidents and accidents. This study identifies managerial shaping factors in a petrochemical plant by RE and data envelopment analysis (DEA). To do this, a standard questionnaire containing resilient factors is completed by managers of a petrochemical plant. Then, the best DEA model is selected based on average efficiency and statistical test. In addition, sensitivity analysis are performed to identify the most important shaping factors. Reporting culture, management commitment, and preparedness are identified as the most important factors in this paper, respectively. Finally, the proposed model is validated and verified through statistical experiment. The proposed approach would help managers to have a comprehensive understanding of the plant with respect to the RE. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper that examines resilient shaping factors in a petrochemical plant with respect to management and organization by DEA.     

保护性耕作下小麦田土壤呼吸及碳平衡研究

为了研究小麦农田生态系统土壤碳排放与作物碳蓄积特征,采用LI6400-09在重庆北碚西南大学教学试验农场对平作(T)、垄作(R)、平作+覆盖(TS)、垄作+覆盖(RS)这4种处理下的西南紫色土丘陵区小麦/玉米/大豆套作体系中小麦生长季节的土壤呼吸及植株生长动态进行了观测.利用根系生物量外推法(root biomass regression,RBR)和根排除法(root exclusion,RE)这2种方法比较分析根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献,并估算小麦农田碳收支状况.结果表明,土壤呼吸介于0.62~2.91μmol·(m2·s)-1,平均值为1.71μmol·(m2·s)-1.T、R、TS、RS各处理日均土壤呼吸速率分别为1.29、1.59、1.99、1.96μmol·(m2·s)-1,表现为T相似文献   

Measuring and analyzing adaptive capacity at management levels of resilient systems

Resilience engineering (RE) is capable of handling disruptive events and controlling their consequences in process industries such as petrochemical plants. This study aims at analyzing the level of adaptive capacity and identifying effective factors on developing adaptive capacity in the organizational structure of process industries. The data of this study were obtained through direct observation and a structured questionnaire in a petrochemical plant. Managers at all levels participated in the survey. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a mathematical approach, was used to compute and analyze the role of the factors contributing to adaptive capacity. The results indicated that reporting safety issues played a central role in enhancing adaptive capacity at all management levels. Both middle management and low-level management emphasized the importance of management commitment, whereas top-level management considered flexibility as a vital factor in managing disruptions and reducing accidents. The findings of this study could be useful for managers and other decision-makers to improve safety in process industries.     

3种水生蔬菜对稀土元素钷的吸收与富集

应用放射性核素示踪技术 ,研究了 3种水生蔬菜 (慈姑、荸荠和水芹菜 )对稀土元素钷 (14 7Pm)的吸收与富集。结果表明 :(1 ) 3种水生蔬菜对14 7Pm均有较强的吸收与富集能力。其中 ,水芹菜随生长时间的延长 ,吸收14 7Pm的量明显增加 ,50、80、1 1 0d时全样的吸收系数分别为 0 98± 0 1 9、0 92± 0 3 8和 1 1 4± 0 1 8;(2 ) 3种蔬菜的食用器官 (水芹菜的主茎 ,慈姑和荸荠的球茎 )对14 7Pm具有明显的富集性 ,吸收系数分别为 1 2 9± 0 2 8、2 0 9± 0 0 3和 1 55± 0 55     

稀土元素对梅园主要土壤动物群落结构组成的影响

为阐明不同稀土处理对梅园土壤动物群落组成的影响,采用手拣法、干漏斗法和湿漏斗法对梅园各稀土处理区土壤动物群落组成进行系统调查,共得土壤动物标本8076个,隶属于4门15纲31目.其中昆虫纲物种最为丰富,有12目,占全部种群数的58.41%;;鞘翅目、膜翅目、蜱螨目、双翅目和弹尾纲等5种优势类群占土壤动物个体总数的81.44%.5种稀土处理区中,杂食性土壤动物功能团所占的比例均高于植食性功能团所占的比例,且杂食性土壤动物所占的比例依次为对照区(CK)(La处理区(下同)(Ce区(Pr区(Nd区(Sm区.不同浓度稀土处理区中土壤动物类群和个体数量均随着稀土浓度增加而减少,杂食性功能团所占的比例也高于植食性功能团所占的比例,且杂食性功能团所占的比例依次为对照区(CK)(25区(mg·kg-1处理区,下同)(50区(100区(500区(1000区(2000区(3000区.以Pr处理后的土壤动物物种数多,个体数量大,优势集中性指数高,优势物种优势性极明显,其它4种稀土在类群数、个体数、优势集中性指数和优势类群优势性和Pr规律基本相同,依次为Nd、Sm、Ce和La,但均比CK小.因此,5种稀土及其不同浓度处理区土壤动物群...     

RE对慢冷条件下B319铝合金组织性能的影响

利用等离子发射光谱仪、能谱仪、差分扫描量热仪 (DSC)以及金相分析等手段 ,研究了稀土 (RE)对慢冷条件下B319铝合金组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明 ,在铸件冷却速度为0 .3℃ /s的慢冷条件下 ,B319铝熔体中加入 0 .15 %RE ,可以使硅相得到一定程度的变质。随着RE加入量的增加 ,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率得以提高 ,当RE含量为 0 .15 %时 ,相对于未加RE时的情况 ,σb 和δ分别增加了 14 %和 2 3.5 %。当RE含量大于 0 .15 %时 ,出现富稀土的块状金属间化合物Ti2LaAl2 0 ,使合金的机械性能 ,尤其是塑性降低     

稀土元素147Pm、141Ce、147Nd的环境毒理研究

应用核素示踪技术研究了稀土元素的环境行为、生物富集性及其对动物性腺的影响。结果表明 :(1) 14 7Pm、14 1Ce和14 7Nd具有强吸附性 ,易在土壤和底泥中积累 ;(2 )供试的各生物对14 7Pm均具有明显的富集性 ;(3) 14 7Pm、14 1Ce和14 7Nd在动物体内脏器和组织间呈不均匀分布 ,在骨骼、骨髓、眼、大脑、心脏、脂肪和睾丸中残留量较高 ,且随剂量或摄入时间增加而增加 ,表现了明显的选择性蓄积。其中 ,骨骼对稀土元素的富集尤为突出 ;14 1Ce在眼中的蓄积高于其它脏器和组织 ;(4 )一次性腹腔注射剂量为 2 0 0mg·kg-1的Ce或Nd对小鼠性腺激素分泌具有明显的抑制作用 ,小鼠血清中睾酮或孕酮浓度比对照减少 ;虽然随饲料摄入 2 0 0和 80 0mg·(kg·d) -1的Ce ,对小鼠睾酮浓度没有明显影响 ,但精子畸形率升高。探讨了农业应用稀土的环境安全性 ,并就稀土农用提出了几点建议。