对沈阳市开展中水回用工程的建议

从沈阳市水资源状况入手 ,提出了开展中水回用应采取的措施 ,并对目前开展中水回用工程所遇到问题进行了论述。     

大气微小颗粒物中汞的污染特性初步研究

采用分级采样器采集大气中微小颗粒物中的汞,用冷原子吸收测汞仪分析。结果表明,颗粒态汞浓度随粒径分布呈双峰型,2个峰值分别出现在粒径1.0μm和4.0μm左右,与水溶性离子,碳含量的粒径分布基本一致。PM_(1.6)、PM_(8)和TSP中颗粒态汞的浓度分别为0.150、0.273、0.429ng/m~3,汞的质量分数分别为3.75.1.09、1.07μg/g,高于背景参考值;结果还表明,颗粒态汞主要集中在细颗粒中。通过正态概率分布测算,PM_(1.6)、PM_(6)中汞主要来自于1个主体源;PM_(1.6)中汞的浓度与硫酸根离子呈显著性相关,而与硝酸根离子、氯离子则不显著相关:说明颗粒物中汞的主要来源可能与燃煤有关。     

Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

城市生活垃圾综合处理系统的选择

以上海城市生活垃圾处置为对象，利用层次分析方法，选择了分选回收＋堆肥＋卫生填埋的综合处置系统，并且确定了堆肥方式应首先考虑仓式静态好氧堆肥。经过运行费比较，所选择的综合处置系统比现行的处置系统具有明显的优势。     

宁夏环境问题与可持续发展

环境问题的实质，就是人类从环境中索取资源的速度超过了资源本身及其替代品的再生速度，即向环境排放废弃物的速度超过了环境的自净能力，自然和人文景观受到破坏，环境对废弃物的消纳同化能力越来越弱，环境功能发生退化，环境资源失去了可持续性。     

氯氟烃及其替代物

近年来,臭氧衰竭比原先预料的更严重,对人类健康和环境构成了严重威胁。“蒙特利尔议定书”和“大气清洁法案”要求2000年要完全清除致臭氧衰竭物质——氯氟烃(CFCs)的生产和使用。目前,世界各地积极开发CFCs的替代物,以加速转换。虽然已开发的氧氯氟烃(HCFCs)、氢氟烃(HFCs)等替代物与CFCs相比还有一定缺点,但最终一定会实现替代转换。     

实施西部开发战略应注意资源开发区的环境保护问题

实施西部开发战略应注意矿产资源开发、土地资源开发、水资源开发、森林资源开发、草地资源开发、农业资源开发、生物资源开发和旅游资源开发等活动的环境保护问题，本文就此问题提出建议。     

电子废弃物的特点

电子废弃物资源化研究是一项新型而紧迫的课题，它具有数量多、危害大、潜在价值高、回收利用困难的特点，必须对电子废弃物予以高度关注。     

SEDIMENT OXYGEN DEMAND IN THE ARROYO COLORADO RIVER1

ABSTRACT: The lower reaches of the Arroyo Colorado have historically failed to meet their use under subsection 303(b) of the U.S. Clean Water Act due to fecal coliform bacteria and low dissolved oxygen (DO). Fish kills, especially at the tidal confluence at the Port of Harlingen, Texas, have been reported. Oxygen demand from sediment (SOD) for a river typically has two states‐diffusion limited SOD (SOD) and potential SOD (pSOD), expressed when sediment is resuspended through increased flow or other disturbances. The objective of this research was to measure SOD in the Arroyo Colorado River in situ, estimate pSOD ex situ, and evaluate the relationship between SOD and the depositional environment. We measured SOD and pSOD in the Arroyo Colorado River at up to eight sites over three sampling events. We identified the sample sites based on a modified Rosgen geomorphic index for streambed stabilization. Sites with high sediment deposition potential had high SOD. The average values of SOD between sites were 0.62 g/m²/day (standard deviation 0.38 g/m²/day) and ranged from 0.13 to 1.2 g/m²/day. Potential SOD values ranged from as low as 19.2 to as high as 2,779 g/m³ sediment/ day. Potential SOD can serve as an indicator of the possible impact of SOD from resuspended sediment in stream systems.     

Hamburgers and the Rainforest – a Review of Issues and Evidence

This paper examines the relationship between North American beef consumption and deforestation in South and Central America. Some writers have argued that consumption of hamburgers in North America, particularly hamburgers consumed in fast food restaurants, contributes to the depletion of the rainforest in South and Central America. We survey the published policy literature on the causes of rainforest depletion in the region. We also review the published estimates of the rate and extent of clearing of rainforest that has occurred in South and Central America since 1970. Finally, we review the data on beef imports and consumption in Canada and the United States in a effort to assess the importance of South and Central America as suppliers of beef to the North American market. We conclude that the relationship between beef consumption in North America should not be considered an important cause of forest depletion in South and Central America. Domestic policies and market forces in the countries where rainforests are located are the leading causes of rainforest depletion in this region. This lesson seems to have been lost on some popular and even some textbook writers on this subject. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.