Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

浅谈我国农村环保法制建设

就我国现行的环保法律法规存在问题，以及对农村环保事业发展的影响进行了探讨，提出了健全和完善我国农村环保法制的设想．以促进农村环境保护的可持续发展。     

发达农村生活垃圾特性调查及治理技术探讨

为了了解我国发达地区农村垃圾特征,以丹阳市群楼村为研究对象,通过现场调查和问卷调查的方式分析了群楼村的垃圾特性,并对群楼村垃圾的集运方式、处理措施以及当地居民对垃圾的认识进行了调查。表明群楼村的垃圾已经具有城市垃圾的特征,但垃圾配套处理措施及居民意识远远没有达到要求。根据调查的结果探讨了适合群楼村以及发达地区农村生活垃圾集运方式与管理模式。     

江苏里下河腹部地区农村水污染防治的问题和对策

为策应江苏省生态建设和农村环境质量的改善,及早实现环境保护参与农村农业社会经济发展综合决策和提升环保管理水平的目标,本文着重对江苏里下河腹部地区水环境状况进行了调查与分析,揭示出乡镇企业、农业面源、水产畜禽养殖、生活污水和废弃污染物排放,造成水环境污染以及对社会、经济、环境建设与发展的影响,有较强的真实性、针对性和代表性。首次研究了改善江苏里下河腹部地区农村水污染防治的对策和措施,不仅为里下河地区＂十二五＂期间水环境污染防治与管理提供依据还为江苏省乃至全国低洼水域的农村污染物控制和管理起到启示。     

我国农村环境保护立法现状及完善建议

面对日益严峻的农村环保形势,针对目前我国农村环保问题现状,从立法角度分析目前我国农村环境保护法律规定、存在问题,并提出了完善我国农村环保立法的建议。     

基于农村生活污水生态处理工艺研究

伴随我国经济发展的进步,虽然农村的生活水平得到一定的改善,但是并没有根据实际情况将相关生态处理技术应用,导致农村污水处理的效率无法有效的提升,严重影响农村的发展。基于此,本文主要分析了农村生活污水处理的方式,以及污水处理不当对人们的危害与影响,并阐述了农村污水处理的主要对策与方案,笔者根据自身经验提出相应的建议与意见。     

农村变电站生活污水处理现状与探讨

我国大部分变电站位于农村地区,因无接入城市污水管网条件,农村变电站生活污水需就地处理后达标排放。变电站生活污水存在水量少、时变化系数大等特点,现有处理工艺不能正常运行或无法达标排放。本文借鉴农村生活污水处理技术,提出了生物组合法处理对策,可为变电站生活污水处理提供参考。     

鄱阳湖平原区农村门塘浮游藻类群落特征及其生物学评价

于2018年—2019年在鄱阳湖区周边选取4个县（区）10个村庄的典型门塘开展浮游藻类采样调查。研究共鉴定出藻类6门83种,以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为主;浮游藻类细胞密度全年范围为7.30×104个/L～2.78×1011个/L,年均值为1.4×1010个/L,其中夏季细胞密度最大,冬季细胞密度最小;优势种主要有小环藻、微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、卵形隐藻等,且具有较为明显的季节演替,全年优势种为小环藻;藻类多样性指数（H′）年均值为1.49,丰富度指数（M）年均值为1.92,全年水体生物学评价结果为中度污染。     

Scoring the Importance of Tropical Forest Landscapes with Local People: Patterns and Insights

Good natural resource management is scarce in many remote tropical regions. Improved management requires better local consultation, but accessing and understanding the preferences and concerns of stakeholders can be difficult. Scoring, where items are numerically rated in relation to each other, is simple and seems applicable even in situations where capacity and funds are limited, but managers rarely use such methods. Here we investigate scoring with seven indigenous communities threatened by forest loss in Kalimantan, Indonesia. We aimed to clarify the forest’s multifaceted importance, using replication, cross-check exercises, and interviews. Results are sometimes surprising, but generally explained by additional investigation that sometimes provides new insights. The consistency of scoring results increases in line with community literacy and wealth. Various benefits and pitfalls are identified and examined. Aside from revealing and clarifying local preferences, scoring has unexplored potential as a quantitative technique. Scoring is an underappreciated management tool with wide potential.     

Who's in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management

Stakeholder analysis means many things to different people. Various methods and approaches have been developed in different fields for different purposes, leading to confusion over the concept and practice of stakeholder analysis. This paper asks how and why stakeholder analysis should be conducted for participatory natural resource management research. This is achieved by reviewing the development of stakeholder analysis in business management, development and natural resource management. The normative and instrumental theoretical basis for stakeholder analysis is discussed, and a stakeholder analysis typology is proposed. This consists of methods for: i) identifying stakeholders; ii) differentiating between and categorising stakeholders; and iii) investigating relationships between stakeholders. The range of methods that can be used to carry out each type of analysis is reviewed. These methods and approaches are then illustrated through a series of case studies funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use (RELU) programme. These case studies show the wide range of participatory and non-participatory methods that can be used, and discuss some of the challenges and limitations of existing methods for stakeholder analysis. The case studies also propose new tools and combinations of methods that can more effectively identify and categorise stakeholders and help understand their inter-relationships.