稳定土技术在土路扬尘治理中的应用及展望

综合分析了稳定土技术用于土路扬尘污染治理的各种方法。然后在此基础上对该课题的研究及其发展提出了有关看法和建议     

超稠油废水处理的实验研究

针对超稠油废水污染的问题 ,确定采用混凝沉降、砂滤、活性炭吸附处理超稠油废水 ,处理后的水达到国家排放标准。此方法工艺比较简单 ,处理效果好     

经济集聚对中国三大城市群土地利用生态效率的影响

基于非期望产出的超效率EBM模型,测算2005—2016年京津冀、长三角和珠三角等中国三大城市群土地利用生态效率,采用核密度函数对其演变特征进行分析,并运用面板门槛回归模型和面板向量自回归模型,从产业和人口两个角度分析经济集聚对城市群土地利用生态效率的非线性影响和直接冲击。结果表明：（1）2005—2016年间中国三大城市群土地利用生态效率总体呈现先收敛后分化的演化特征,不同城市群之间的土地利用生态效率时空演变具有显著差异;（2）第三产业集聚水平和人口集聚水平对城市群土地利用生态效率表现出单门槛效应,表明适度产业集聚和人口集聚对城市群土地利用生态效率具有正向促进作用,反之则会导致促进作用下降甚至出现负向影响;（3）第三产业集聚水平和土地利用生态效率自身对土地利用生态效率的直接冲击都是从开始就达到顶峰而后收敛为0,而第二产业集聚水平和人口集聚水平则是先负向冲击后持续正向冲击。城市群在制定经济发展政策和土地利用政策时,既要充分发挥经济集聚的正面环境效应,也要重视不同经济集聚的适度性和动态性。     

超微淀粉基薄膜环境降解特性研究

采用物理方法制备超微淀粉，并研究了超微淀粉基薄膜的环境降解特性，结果表明，物理法制备超微淀粉没有废水产生。超微淀粉平均粒径为3.3μm，结晶度降至13.1%；超微淀粉基薄膜中淀粉质量分数可高达55％，高质量分数的超微淀粉对于薄膜的光降解有促进作用，而土埋120d后，该薄膜生物降解率达52％。     

空区探测方法优选的ANP模型及其应用

目前矿山空区探测方法众多,但缺乏对其进行优化选择的分析模型。为了提高特定条件下空区探测方法选择的科学性、合理性,采用网络分析法(ANP)将决策问题分解成控制层和网络层。就这些层中的元素而言,用一种标度对人的主观判断进行客观量化后,对其实施定性、定量分析。综合考虑空区探测方法的技术、经济、人机设计及环境指标,构建空区探测方法综合评价体系,确定各判断准则间的相互影响关系,建立空区探测方法优选决策问题的ANP结构,借助Super Deci-sions软件计算参选方法基于各影响因素的综合优先权,从而确定适用于特定条件下的空区探测方法。结果表明,该模型能够随着工作环境的改变而计算影响因素优先权,使空区探测方法根据工作环境的改变而调整。     

Effects of a gradually increased load of fish waste silage in co-digestion with cow manure on methane production

This study examined the effects of an increased load of nitrogen-rich organic material on anaerobic digestion and methane production. Co-digestion of fish waste silage (FWS) and cow manure (CM) was studied in two parallel laboratory-scale (8 L effective volume) semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (designated R1 and R2). A reactor fed with CM only (R0) was used as control. The reactors were operated in the mesophilic range (37 °C) with a hydraulic retention time of 30 days, and the entire experiment lasted for 450 days. The rate of organic loading was raised by increasing the content of FWS in the feed stock. During the experiment, the amount (volume%) of FWS was increased stepwise in the following order: 3% – 6% – 13% – 16%, and 19%. Measurements of methane production, and analysis of volatile fatty acids, ammonium and pH in the effluents were carried out. The highest methane production from co-digestion of FWS and CM was 0.400 L CH4 gVS^?1, obtained during the period with loading of 16% FWS in R2. Compared to anaerobic digestion of CM only, the methane production was increased by 100% at most, when FWS was added to the feed stock. The biogas processes failed in R1 and R2 during the periods, with loadings of 16% and 19% FWS, respectively. In both reactors, the biogas processes failed due to overloading and accumulation of ammonia and volatile fatty acids.     

生物活性磷在氯碱总厂污水处理中的应用

为了改善氯碱总厂污水处理系统磷酸盐吸收效率不高的状况，在该系统中投加了美国PROBIOTIC SOLUTIONS公司生产的生物活性磷Super Phos。结果表明：生物活性磷能以1／8—1／10的浓度取代系统原来投加的KH2PO4。投加生物活性磷后，微生物对磷的吸收效率提高，出水总磷降低：系统的CODcr、BODs、氨氮去除效率同使用前相比不变或略有提高：二沉池中的污泥沉降性能及污泥活性提高，原生动物种群增多。因此，生物活性磷完全具有取代磷酸、磷酸盐类作为磷营养添加剂的趋势，并且表现出了其他磷酸盐类所不具有的优势。     

300MPa超高压往复密封的试验研究

水切割设备的运行可靠性，在很大程度上取决于超高压往复密封。笔者对３００ＭＰａ超高压往复密封设计的是，采用锥形套筒与填料问置的组合密封，即利用锥形套筒的弹性变形在柱塞与套筒之间产生难以加工的间隙，造成很大的压降Ｐ，然后再利用填料密封。填料采用填充ＰＴＦＥ和铅箔。静密封也采用金属斜面密封。密封参数──压力：３００ＭＰａ，流量：２Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，介质：清水加３—５％乳化液，喷嘴直径：０．２５ｍｍ。     

Comparison of several packings for CO2 chemical absorption in a packed column

CO₂ capture and storage has gained widespread attention as an option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Chemical absorption and stripping of CO₂ with hot potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) solutions has been used in the past, however potassium carbonate solutions have a low CO₂ absorption efficiency. Various techniques can be used to improve the absorption efficiency of this system with one option being the addition of promoters to the solvent and another option being an improvement in the mass transfer efficiency of the equipment. This study has focused on improving the efficiency of the packed column by replacing traditional packings with newer types of packing which have been shown to have enhanced mass transfer performance. Three different packings (Super Mini Rings (SMRs), Pall Rings and Mellapak) have been studied under atmospheric conditions in a laboratory scale column for CO₂ absorption using a 30 wt% K₂CO₃ solution. It was found that SMR packing resulted in a mass transfer coefficient approximately 20% and 30% higher than that of Mellapak and Pall Rings, respectively. Therefore, the height of packed column with SMR packing would be substantially lower than with Pall Rings or Mellapak. Meanwhile, the pressure drop using SMR was comparable to other packings while the gas flooding velocity was higher when the liquid load was above 25 kg m⁻² s⁻¹. Correlations for predicting flooding gas velocities and pressure drop were fitted to the experimental data, allowing the relevant parameters to be estimated for use in later design.     

细水雾灭火系统作用下特大断面公路隧道火灾特性数值模拟研究

细水雾灭火系统在公路隧道中的应用引发了较多关注,但是针对特大断面公路隧道的研究仍然不足。以2种大断面及4种特大断面公路隧道为研究对象,选取额定流量35 L/min、额定压力10 MPa的高压细水雾喷头,选择4种喷头布置形式,考虑火源功率、位置、遮挡物等影响因素,以隧道顶棚达到耐火极限的临界温度和相邻车辆被引燃的临界热辐射强度为判据,利用FDS模拟软件分析得到适用于隧道的细水雾喷头布置方案。结果表明对于特大断面隧道,细水雾单排顶喷布置不能有效抑制30 MW的大货车火灾,应采用增加顶喷或侧喷喷头的布置形式,从而保护隧道结构安全,防止相邻车辆被引燃。