改良回流模式的UCT工艺处理高氮屠宰废水的工程案例

采用改良回流模式的UCT工艺处理高氮屠宰废水,该系统处理能力为200 m³·d⁻¹。连续130 d的调试运行结果表明,在进水水质较稳定的情况下,该工艺对COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别达到97%、98%、94%和92%,出水水质达到《屠宰与肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准 (征求意见稿) 》的间接排放标准。该工艺调试运行初期,通过投加碳源以及微量元素,有效避免污泥老化问题;在稳定运行过程中,调整硝化混合液回流比、缺氧混合液回流比以及污泥回流比分别至267%、82%和70%,使得工艺处于最佳条件下运行;结合各工艺段荧光图谱分析结果显示,改良回流模式的UCT工艺有效降解色氨酸类物质及可溶性微生物副产物,具有较好的脱氮效果;工程改造成本中涉及设备和调试费用不高,且与传统屠宰废水处理流程比,吨水处理费下降了约30%。该工程案例的改造、调试及运行经验可为同类高氮废水处理工程提供参考。     

改良型UCT工艺在农村生活污水处理中的应用

我国农村生活污水处理设施的进水COD往往低于设计水质,因而脱氮除磷过程中碳源不足,同时进水中TN、TP波动较大,导致现有工艺难以稳定实现脱氮除磷。针对这一问题,构建了基于改良型UCT工艺的一体化农村生活污水处理系统,并应用在江苏省常州市某村落。该处理系统可使污泥脱氮与混合液脱氮实现分离,在保证脱氮效率的同时,进一步减少硝酸盐进入厌氧区,以保证稳定的脱氮除磷效果。该系统已稳定运行超过2年,对COD、NH₃-N、TN、TP 等指标的平均去除率分别为87.8%、94.5%、72.9%和83.9%,出水水质满足江苏省《村庄生活污水治理水污染物排放标准》（DB32/T 3462-2018）中一级A标准。本案例可为我国农村生活污水处理的技术选择和运行提供参考。     

生物法与化学法协同处理污水技术优化研究

为实现污水厂的高效运行,提出了一种UCT工艺与混凝沉淀工艺的协同运行方式.通过分析处理过程中的不足和影响因素,采取了提高过程污泥浓度的方式.对排泥泵池污泥浓缩方法进行了研究,采取排出排泥泵池上部的上清液,提高了排泥泵池的污泥浓度,减小了排泥体积;对污泥缓冲池的运行过程进行优化研究,采取调整污泥缓冲池的排泥方式和排泥时间,提出了间隔排泥的方法,提高了污泥缓冲池的污泥浓度.这些措施实现了UCT工艺与混凝沉淀工艺的协同高效运行,措施效益明显,可推广应用于类似污水厂的设计与运行.     

Practical consideration for design and optimization of the step feed process

Based on the anoxic/oxic (A/O) step feed process, a modified University of Cape Town (UCT) step feed process was developed by adding an anaerobic zone and adjusting sludge return pipeline. Performance evaluation of these two types of processes was investigated by optimizing operational parameters, such as the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic volumes, internal recycle ratios, and sludge retention times, for removal of chemical oxygen demanding (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus. Results showed high removal efficiencies of COD of (85.0±1.7)%, ammonium of (99.7±0.2)%, total nitrogen (TN) of (85.5±1.7)%, phosphorus of (95.1±3.3)%, as well as excellent sludge settleability with average sludge volume index of (83.7±9.5) L·mg^-1 in the modified UCT process. Moreover, (61.5±6.0)% of influent COD was efficiently involved in denitrification or phosphorus release process. As much as 35.3% of TN was eliminated through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process in aerobic zones. In addition, the presence of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), accounting for approximately 39.2% of PAOs, was also greatly beneficial to the nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Consequently, the modified UCT step feed process was more attractive for the wastewater treatment plant, because it had extremely competitive advantages such as higher nutrient removal efficiencies, lower energy and dosages consumption, excellent settling sludge and operational assurance.     

A Novel Approach to Assessing the Prevalence and Drivers of Illegal Bushmeat Hunting in the Serengeti

Assessing anthropogenic effects on biological diversity, identifying drivers of human behavior, and motivating behavioral change are at the core of effective conservation. Yet knowledge of people's behaviors is often limited because the true extent of natural resource exploitation is difficult to ascertain, particularly if it is illegal. To obtain estimates of rule‐breaking behavior, a technique has been developed with which to ask sensitive questions. We used this technique, unmatched‐count technique (UCT), to provide estimates of bushmeat poaching, to determine motivation and seasonal and spatial distribution of poaching, and to characterize poaching households in the Serengeti. We also assessed the potential for survey biases on the basis of respondent perceptions of understanding, anonymity, and discomfort. Eighteen percent of households admitted to being involved in hunting. Illegal bushmeat hunting was more likely in households with seasonal or full‐time employment, lower household size, and longer household residence in the village. The majority of respondents found the UCT questions easy to understand and were comfortable answering them. Our results suggest poaching remains widespread in the Serengeti and current alternative sources of income may not be sufficiently attractive to compete with the opportunities provided by hunting. We demonstrate that the UCT is well suited to investigating noncompliance in conservation because it reduces evasive responses, resulting in more accurate estimates, and is technically simple to apply. We suggest that the UCT could be more widely used, with the trade‐off being the increased complexity of data analyses and requirement for large sample sizes. Una Aproximación Novedosa para Evaluar la Prevalencia y Factores de la Cacería Ilegal en el Serengueti     

葫芦岛龙湾新区污水厂工艺比选

本文介绍了葫芦岛市龙湾新区污水厂厂址及生物处理工艺等的选择。通过技术经济比较,选择建二处污水厂分别处理新、老城区的污水,并建两座小型地埋式污水处理站,选择SBR工艺作为新区污水处理厂二级生物处理工艺。     

基于反硝化除磷的低温启动与稳定运行的中试试验

为了解反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)的脱氮除磷特性,以实际生活污水为研究对象,在低温(6～16)℃下采用改良UCT工艺开展了中试规模(20 m3)的反硝化除磷试验研究.结果表明,当T为6～12℃,HRT为20 h,SRT为35 d改良UCT工艺可成功启动并稳定运行.稳定运行时,系统能保持60%±5%的脱氮率,80%±5%的除磷率,其中COD、NH4+-N、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)出水浓度分别为20、5、11和0. 5 mg·L-1,可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A排放标准.为进一步考察该系统脱氮除磷特性,增大好氧池到缺氧池回流比至150%,待系统稳定后,系统可获得较高的脱氮除磷率,其中脱氮率为80%±10%,除磷率为90%±5%.其中,缺氧池反硝化除磷的作用占总生物除磷的80%±4%,COD、NH4+-N、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)平均出水浓度分别为19. 55、0. 1、7. 8和0. 15 mg·L-1,可达到京标A排放标准.     

改良UCT分段进水工艺处理生活污水性能优化研究

在某大型污水处理厂采用中试规模的改良UCT分段进水脱氮除磷工艺处理低COD/N生活污水,重点研究了流量分配比和原水营养元素比（COD/N、COD/P和TN/P）对工艺脱氮除磷性能的影响,目的是分析探索工艺对有机物和氮磷去除机制和污泥特性.连续运行试验表明,该工艺取得稳定高效的去除性能.在进水COD负荷为0.79～0.9...     

后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺处理低C/N城市污水

为处理低碳源生活污水,以内碳源反硝化途径为出发点,开发了后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺.该工艺仅在UCT分段进水最后一好氧段末端增加了后置缺氧环节,以强化微生物内碳源储存能力.在低C/N水平（平均进水C/N=3.1±1.5）的生活污水条件下,后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺实现了平均75.3%的TN去除率,运行61d后同步硝化反硝化去除的氮量高达31.5%;运行40d后污泥内碳源储存水平比原工艺污泥提高12.2%,9小时比内源反硝化速率由零提高至5.56mgN/（gVSS×d）,系统可通过好氧段同步硝化内源反硝化（SNED）提高TN去除率.污泥沉降性能有明显改善：SVI值由350mL/g降至97mL/g,而原UCT分段进水工艺污泥仍然膨胀.该工艺仅在原工艺基础上增加了一后置缺氧段,无需外加碳源和额外硝化液回流设施,有利于水厂升级改造.