Exploring Chemical Variables in Ligustrum lucidum Ait. F. Tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. in Relation to Air Pollutants and Environmental Conditions

Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f. tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. in relation to atmospheric pollutants in Córdoba city, Argentina. The study area receives regional pollutants and was categorized taking into account traffic level, industrial density, type of industry, location of the sample point in relation to the street corner, treeless condition, and topographic level. Dried weight/fresh weight ratio (DW/FW) and specific leaf area (SLA) were calculated, and concentrations of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total sulfur, soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroperoxy conjugated dienes (HPCD) were determined in leaf samples. Sulfur content correlates positively with traffic density and SLA correlates negatively with some combinations of the categorical variables; MDA correlates positively with topographic level and total protein concentration correlates negatively with treeless condition. On the basis of our results, traffic, location of trees, type of industry, situation of a tree with respect to others, and topographic level are the environmental variables to bear in mind when selecting analogous sampling points in a passive monitoring program. An approximation to predict tree injury may be obtained by measuring DW/FW ratio, proteins, pigments, HPCD, and MDA as they are responsible for the major variability of data.     

“城郊型农副业综合经营生态区”探讨

介绍了上海闽行区近年来大中型禽畜场污染治理的典型技术。根据该区的实践及其发展趋势来看,建立“城郊型农副业综合经营生态区“模式势在必行。文章还探讨了“城郊型农副业综合经营生态区”的特征、必要条件以及功能区划方案等。     

气象卫星遥感在干旱监测中的应用

本文根据ＮＯＡＡ极轨气象卫星ＡＶＨＲＲ资料计算生成植被指数相对距平图用于旱情监测，并在江苏省１９９４年特大干旱中进行了应用服务     

Change in vegetation cover in East Timor, 1989–1999

Forest resources play a key role and provide many basic needs to communities in developing economies. To assess the patterns of vegetation cover change, as a corollary of resource utilization, satellite imagery, ground truth data, and image processing techniques can be useful. This article is concerned with identifying change in major vegetation types in East Timor between 1989 and 1999, using Landsat Thematic Mapper data. The results highlight a significant level of deforestation and decline in foliage cover. All major vegetation cover types declined from 1989 to 1999, and there was a sizeable increase in degraded woodlands. This decline has had considerable impact on the livelihoods of rural and urban communities. Causes for these changes include: economic exploitation of abundant resources; and implications of transmigration policies implemented during Indonesian rule, resulting in increased competition for land and woodland resources. As the new nation of Timor‐Leste establishes itself, it must consider its current stock and distribution of natural capital to ensure that development efforts are geared towards sustainable outcomes. Without the knowledge of historical patterns of resource consumption, development efforts may, unwittingly, lead to continuing decline in forest resources.     

地表水环境遥感监测关键技术与系统

介绍了地表水环境遥感监测的关键技术与系统及其典型应用,其代表性机理模型和应用示范成果主要来自于中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所的高光谱遥感团队在最近几年中取得的一些研究进展,主要包括建立了基于改进双峰法的水体分布自动化遥感提取方法,实现了简单、高效和高精度的水体提取;提出了大型湖泊长时序水量估算方法,并以青藏高原湖区为例,重建了典型湖泊面积、水位和水量序列;发展了基于“软分类”的典型内陆水体叶绿素a浓度反演方法,构建了基于生物光学模型的高度浑浊水体悬浮物浓度遥感反演半解析方法,提高了反演方法的区域和季节适用性;构建了基于水色指数的大范围湖库营养状态和透明度遥感监测方法,实现了全球大型湖库营养状态遥感监测,以及全国大型湖库透明度遥感监测;在此基础上,开发了地表水环境遥感监测系统,提高了水环境遥感监测效率,促进了卫星遥感在水环境监测中的高精度业务化应用。     

远程氧等离子体灭活大肠杆菌的研究

研究放电等离子体灭活大肠杆菌的效果。采用远程氧等离子体反应器,分别考察探究放电功率、处理时间、氧气流量、远程距离及有机污染物对灭菌效果的影响,并观察灭菌前后大肠杆菌的显微结构。结果表明在100W,60s,40cm3/min条件下,远程氧等离子体的杀菌效果值在距放电区0、20、40cm处分别为3.42、3.38和3.32。有机物浓度升高,灭菌效果急剧下降。结论为氧等离子体在距放电区040cm内均能有效灭活大肠杆菌,但有机污染物影响较大。氧等离子体场中高能粒子的刻蚀作用是导致细菌死亡的主要原因。     

基于遥感的海域环境变化监测分析

以杭州湾海域和连云港周边海域为研究对象,基于Landsat-5、Landsat-9的多光谱和热红外数据,对研究区的海域岸线和温度场信息进行提取,分析海域岸线变迁和温度分布变化特征。结果显示,研究区的海域岸线变化均较显著;海域温度在核电站运行前较为均匀,无明显温度分异,核电站运行后,因温排水排放,核电站周边海域温度出现明显分异;Landsat-9热红外数据温度反演结果可靠,可用于监测温排水对海域环境的影响。     

城市湿地公园建设中的若干问题探讨

本文主要围绕城市湿地公园建设中的定位、自然化、生态修复、危害物种防治四方面进行探讨,以期对城市湿地公园的建设和管理起到一定的指导作用。     

遥感资料在青海草地资源监测及评价中的应用研究

利用EOS/MODIS、NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感监测的植被指数(NDVI)、地面定点监测的实际地上牧草产量资料,依据卫星遥感监测原理,在点和面上研究、建立了植被指数与牧草产量之间的关系模式,给出了草地资源卫星遥感监测和评价方法。监测和评价结果显示:2004年青海省草地资源从东南部向西北部逐渐递减,产量最高区处于黄南州南部和果洛州东南部,最低区处于西北部的柴达木盆地,近20年来天然草地资源的分布规律没有发生变化,但草地生产力在逐步下降,草地资源在逐年减少,仅果洛州全州平均牧草产量比1986年下降了4.04%,牧草总量减少85.10×104t,理论载畜量减少了63.11×104只绵羊单位;暖干旱化的气候变化趋势是造成青海省天然草地生产力下降、呈现退化趋势的主要原因。     

中国水土保持生态服务功能价值估算及其空间分布

水土资源是人类赖以生存的重要的物质基础,水土保持作为人类对生态系统干预的有效手段,其生态服务功能价值也受到越来越多的重视。论文选取土壤保持价值和涵养水源价值两项指标,结合遥感数据、气象数据以及地面数据,对原有的基于遥感的水土保持生态服务功能价值估算模型进行改进,以期更好地体现水土保持生态服务功能应有的价值。论文运用改进后的模型估算2001年全国水土保持生态服务功能价值达16 760.55×108元,基本呈自东南向西北递减趋势。