废旧电池掩埋处理方法初探

以分别种植小叶黄杨和八角金盘的2块试验土地与1块贫瘠裸露土地作为对照,试验植物吸收处理废旧电池的重金属污染的掩埋方法。文章介绍了将废旧电池内部的糊状物分别掩埋在小叶黄杨,八角金盘和贫瘠裸露土地3块试验土中,选用电池内部含量较多的 Zn 等重金属元素为跟踪元素,经一定时间后分析土壤中重金属元素的残留量。测定结果发现,小叶黄杨能很好地吸收掩埋入土的重金属元素,而八角金盘则对重金属没有明显的吸收作用。     

Material flow analysis of lubricating oil use in California

Petroleum lubricating oils, used throughout the economy, are distinct among petroleum products in their capacity to be recovered and recycled at the end of their useful life. Used lubricating oil is regulated at the state and federal level because of concerns about environmental impacts arising from improper disposal, although rates of recovery are not known. We present a material flow analysis of lubricants through California's economy in the years 2007–2012. We introduce a novel technique for computing aggregate waste generation from a collection of hazardous waste manifest records, and apply it in order to determine a recovery rate for used oil and to estimate the quantity of oil managed informally in the state. The records also offer a detailed view of the fate of used oils after they are recovered. We find that around 62% of lubricants are recoverable at end of life, of which 70–80% is being recovered. This rate shows a slight downward trend. If the trend is accurate, measures should be taken to improve the performance of the used oil management system. Policy opportunities exist to reduce the quantity of oil managed informally through improving access to responsible used oil management methods. These include increasing the collection of used oil from industrial sources as well as “do it yourself” oil changes, expanding in-state reprocessing capacity, and promoting increased out-of-state reprocessing of used oil. Our methods introduce new possibilities to make use of direct observation in material flow analysis, potentially improving data availability and quality and increasing the relevance of material flow methods in policy applications.     

Valorisation of used cooking oil sludge by codigestion with swine manure

The addition of lipid wastes to the digestion of swine manure was studied as a means of increasing biogas production. Lipid waste was obtained from a biodiesel plant where used cooking oil is the feedstock. Digestion of this co-substrate was proposed as a way of valorising residual streams from the process of biodiesel production and to integrate the digestion process into the biorefinery concept.Batch digestion tests were performed at different co-digesting proportions obtaining as a result an increase in biogas production with the increase in the amount of co-substrate added to the mixture. Semi-continuous digestion was studied at a 7% (w/w) mass fraction of total solids. Co-digestion was successful at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d but a decrease to 30 d resulted in a decrease in specific gas production and accumulation of volatile and long chain fatty acids. The CH₄ yield obtained was 326 ± 46 l/kg VS_feed at an HRT of 50 d, while this value was reduced to 274 ± 43 l/kg VS_feed when evaluated at an HRT of 30 d. However these values were higher than the one obtained under batch conditions (266 ± 40 l/kg VS_feed), thus indicating the need of acclimation to the co-substrate. Despite of operating at low organic loading rate (OLR), measurements from respirometry assays of digestate samples (at an HRT of 50 d) suggested that the effluent could not be directly applied to the soil as fertiliser and might have a negative effect over soil or crops.     

UNIT HYDROGRAPHS – A COMPARATIVE STUDY1

ABSTRACT. Unit hydrographs derived by using two methods, linear programming and least squares, are compared. Test data comprise rainfall and runoff information from four storms over the North Branch Potomac River near Cumberland, Maryland. The mathematical bases of these methods for unit-hydrograph derivation are explained. The linear programming method minimizes the sum of absolute deviations, and the least squares method minimizes the sum of the squares of deviations. Computer subroutines are readily available for application of these methods. The unit hydrographs derived with the two methods are practically the same for storms 2 and 3, but differ somewhat for storms 1 and 4. However, the reconstituted direct surface runoff hydrographs are similar to those observed with the exception of the hydrograph for storm 4 which had a relatively more non-uniform rainfall excess of a considerably larger duration.     

秦皇岛市废矿物油资源化初探

在分析秦皇岛市废矿物油的产生和排放现状的基础上，指出废矿物油资源化是解决近岸海域油污染的最佳条件，并提出了一些可操作性的废矿物油资源化对策。     

计算机在城建档案管理中的应用

由于城市建设的不断加快,城建案卷成倍增加,传统的手工操作已不能适应档案文献增长的速度.随着现代化科学技术的发展,新的科学技术,如光盘技术、缩微技术、声像技术也在冲击着城建档案工作的领域,成为城建档案工作中不可缺少的组成部分.所有这一切,都对城建档案的管理提出了更高的要求.计算机是现代化科学技术发展的重要标志,正以它独特的高效率统占着各个领域.利用计算机管理档案是城建档案管理现代化的核心.     

控制在用车排放恶化的有效措施

针对我国在用车排放比较严重的现状，我们认为：短期内易于实现，花费不高，不用对现有车辆作重大技术变动的有效措施是完善在用车Ｉ／Ｍ计划和进行在用国的加速淘汰工作。而且，对于用率和高污染车辆，完善的Ｉ／Ｍ计划也是更有效控制机动车排放污染所必需的。     

电脑使用工效学评价方法的研究：键盘和鼠标使用及人体疲劳

为了进行电脑相关肌肉骨骼疾病（Computer Related Musculoskeletal Disorders）的办公室工效学研究,需要研发更有效的电脑使用工效学评价方法。鉴于键盘和鼠标是电脑操作者最主要的输入工具,而且高重复性的操作动作会增加患肌肉骨骼疾病的风险,为了保护电脑操作者的职业健康,本研究研发一套键盘和鼠标使用的工效学评价方法并且使用该评价方法评价键盘和鼠标的使用以及使用过程中的人体疲劳。评价方法设计包括：＂键盘鼠标使用统计软件＂、＂疲劳问卷系统软件＂和数据处理和结果可视化。应用此评价方法对25个对象进行了8周的纵向观察与评价。键盘鼠标使用的评价结果能够准确反映评价对象操作键盘鼠标的实际情况;对疲劳程度的分析结果也与实验室研究结论一致,得到了理论支持,成功研发了一套创新、有效的电脑键盘和鼠标使用的工效学评价方法。     

Life cycle assessment of an industrial symbiosis based on energy recovery from dried sludge and used oil

Recovering energy from wastes is a useful strategy for integrated waste and energy management in an eco-industrial park (EIP) and gives promising reduction of wastes, total energy consumption and operation cost. In Jinqiao EIP, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, an industrial symbiosis, based on the energy recovery from municipal sewage sludge and re-refined oil, was proposed in the central heat-supplying company of Jinqiao EIP. It is expected that hot off-gas or part of the steam from the central heat-supplying company could be used for sludge drying and used oil re-refining while the dried sludge and refined oil can be partial substitution for fossil fuel. For the purpose of assessing the environmental performance of this industrial symbiosis, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used and different scenarios were set up in this study to evaluate the Global warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human toxicity air (HTA) and Total Environmental Impact Potential (TEIP) of the system. Results indicate that when the substitute ratio of coal by sludge is 14%, the proposed industrial symbiosis has the least environmental impact. Compared with the current situation (sludge is landfilled), co-combustion of dried sludge and re-refined oil with coal at optimal scale will release less CO₂, CH₄, NO_x, N₂O and CO, but more SO₂, H₂S, NH₃, HCl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and heavy metals.     

Factors influencing the willingness to pay for sustainable tourism: a case of mass tourism destinations

A 17-month research programme focused on development of an Education for Sustainability (EFS) Global Media Network at Ball State University Indiana was recently concluded. The study results include some surprising conclusions related to the contradictions between the benefits of education for global sustainability and the use of technology to facilitate that educational process in achieving a more sustainable world. This article provides an overview of the EFS Network research programme and a discussion of some of the key results and conclusions related to advantages and disadvantages of technology-based learning. The article then addresses the environmental impact of computer technology manufacturing, use, and after-use. Research findings are utilized to illustrate the ecological footprint of computer-based education. The article concludes with a discussion about achieving a balance between the need for global-to-local sustainable education and the environmental impact of technology use for sustainable education.