风能资源评估系统开发与应用

开发风能资源、利用风力发电在我国虽然只有数十年，但其发展却很快，风能作为可再生的清洁能源也越来越受到重视。风能资源评估作为风电资源开发的前提，是风力机选址的关键。介绍了以Visual Basic为开发工具，利用SQL Server为数据库开发而成的风能资源评估系统的结构和特点。经实践证明，本系统缩短了风能资源评价周期，提高了数据处理可靠性。     

中国发展生物质能源的战略措施思考

能源连人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要资源。随着中国经济的持续发展，能源与环境对经济发展的制约作用逐渐得到显现．能源问题与环境问题已经成为国家发展的战略性问题。因此发展生物质能是解决中国能源紧张的重要突破口。发展生物质能的战略措施是建立生物质能源的产业体系。即相对于传统产业体系的第二产业体系。具体战略阶段是：2000—2010年实验探讨阶段（初级阶段）；2020—2030年推广应用阶段（发展阶段）：2030年一2050年优化提出阶段（提高阶段）。生物质能源的发展战略有助于“三农”问题的解决即农村小康社舍的建设；有助于减轻环境压力；有助于维护国家能源安全。     

502清洁生产实践

分析台州市两家502企业清洁生产情况,总结经验和成效,提出进一步清洁生产潜力,促进行业节能降耗减污。     

Climate Convention Implementation: An Opportunity for the Pacific Island Nations to Move Toward Sustainable Energy Systems

This article does not focus on adaptation or mitigation policy directly but on an allied opportunity that exists for the Pacific Islands via the auspices of the Climate Convention, because the existing very costly energy systems used in the Pacific Island region are fossil-fuel dependent. It is argued here that efforts can be made towards the development of energy systems that are ecologically sustainable because Pacific Island nations are eligible to receive assistance to introduce renewable energy technology and pursue energy conservation via implementation mechanisms of the Climate Convention and, in particular, through transfer of technology and via joint implementation. It is contended that assistance in the form of finance, technology, and human resource development from developed countries and international organizations would provide sustainable benefits in improving the local Pacific Island environments. It is also emphasized that mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is not the responsibility of the Pacific Islands as they contribute very little on a per capita global scale and a tiny proportion of total global greenhouse gas emissions.     

Life cycle energy impacts of automotive liftgate inner

This paper compares the life cycle energy use of a cast-aluminum, rear liftgate inner and a conventional, stamped steel liftgate inner used in a minivan. Using the best available aggregate life cycle inventory data and a simple spreadsheet-level analysis, energy comparisons were made at both the single-vehicle and vehicle-fleet levels. Since the product manufacture and use are distributed over long periods of time that, in a fleet, are not simple linear combinations of single product life cycles. Thus, it is all the products in use over a period of time, rather than a single product, that are more appropriate for the life cycle analysis. Using a set of consistent data, analyses also examine sensitivity to the level of analysis and the assumptions to determine the most favorable materials with respect to life cycle energy benefits.As expected, life cycle energy impacts of aluminum are lower than steel at a single-vehicle level – energy savings are determined to be 1.8 GJ/vehicle. Most energy savings occur at the vehicle operation phase due to improved fuel economy from lightweighting. The energy benefits are realized only very close to the average vehicle life of 14 years. With the incremental growth of the vehicle fleet, it takes longer – about 21 years – for aluminum to achieve life cycle equivalence with steel. The number of years aluminum needs to achieve equivalence with steel was found to be quite sensitive to aluminum manufacturing energy and fuel economy. As the steel industry races to compete with other materials for automotive lightweighting, a systems approach, instead of part-to-part comparison, is more appropriate in the determination of viability of aluminum substitution from an energy perspective.     

重复碰撞载荷下加筋板结构的动态响应研究

目的 探究船体加筋板结构在受到重复碰撞载荷作用下塑性变形的累计趋势,分析加筋板主要参数对损伤演化过程的影响,揭示高速、重复冲击下船体加筋结构的变化机理。方法 以一纵三肋加筋板为研究对象,建立基于能量法的刚塑性加筋板动态变形计算方法,以及基于Johnson-Cook本构关系的数值模拟方法,开展不同板架厚度、冲击能量以及冲击尺寸等参数对加筋板变形演化影响的研究。结果 对比分析了理论模型和数值方法,获得了不同参数下的加筋板的结构损伤演化规律。结论 理论解和数值解较为吻合。冲击能量增加后,加筋板的塑性变形量、塑性变形累积速度也随之增加。载荷集中程度越大,对于碰撞边界的破坏效应越大。     

燃煤飞灰负载钾基CO2吸收剂再生反应特性的动力学分析

采用热重分析的方法对吸收剂的再生反应进行研究,说明了燃煤飞灰负载钾基CO2吸收剂的制备方法,探讨了在不同升温速率下燃煤飞灰负载钾基CO2吸收剂和纯KHCO3的再生反应特性。结果表明: 燃煤飞灰负载吸收剂的峰值失重速率为0.13~0.73 mg?min-1,在升温速率为20 ℃?min-1时,反应温度区间最小,为94.34 ℃;采用多种分析方法对吸收剂的受热分解反应进行动力学分析,纯KHCO3的反应活化能为85.7~92.0 kJ·mol-1;燃煤飞灰负载钾基CO2吸收剂的反应活化能为66.2~69.4 kJ·mol-1,随着转化率上升,2种样品的活化能均先减小后增大。燃煤飞灰负载钾基吸收剂再生反应的活化能小于纯KHCO3的活化能,说明将KHCO3负载于燃煤飞灰上有利于再生反应的进行。     

垂直流人工湿地启动期基质酶的时空变化

为了解垂直流人工湿地系统中基质酶在去污效果中的作用及其随基质深度和运行时间的变化规律,设置3个垂直流人工湿地系统:种植皇竹草的A系统,种植象草的B系统,以及不种植物的C系统。分别监测3个系统不同基质深度与不同运行时间条件下脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶和纤维素酶的变化规律,以及这几种酶与TN、TP、COD、NH4+-N 和NO3--N污染物之间的相关性。实验结果表明,上述5种酶都表现出随着基质深度增加而减少的趋势,且上层0~30 cm处的基质酶活性极显著高于中层和底层的酶活性,此外,种植能源植物的A、B系统基质酶活性都高于不种植物C系统,说明湿地中污染物的去除主要集中在上层基质,种植能源植物能够有效促进微生物的活性,增加胞外酶的分泌,提高人工湿地对污染物的去除效果,可为优化人工湿地除污效果以及湿地植物的选择提供理论依据。     

污泥厌氧消化的热预处理研究进展

热预处理能够提高后续厌氧消化效率,改善污泥脱水性能。对国内外污泥热预处理的研究进行了归纳,包括热与碱、超声波和氧化法的联合预处理,重点介绍了热预处理对污泥溶解作用、厌氧消化、脱水性和流变性的影响,分析了热处理与厌氧消化整体的能量平衡。最后提出了热预处理研究中存在的问题,并展望了今后的发展趋势。     

城市污泥的低温热干燥

污泥是城市产生的重要废弃物之一,因较高的含水率而体积庞大,因此对其进行脱水和干燥是实现减量化的重要手段。低于100℃的低温热干燥方法因干燥温度较低,具有节能、减少臭气排放等优点,可有效利用工业余热、废热、太阳能,以及热效率很高的热泵干燥工艺。采用薄膜态污泥进行低温干燥,通过实验分析了在温度为50℃和70℃、表面风速为0.3~1.2 m·s-1条件下污泥质量与含水率的变化。结果表明,较低的干燥温度一定程度上延长了干燥时间,但采用薄膜形态可以缓解干燥速度减慢的问题,且可有效解决“硬壳”现象而实现等速干燥,对提高能源利用效率具有较大好处。给出了气流温度、流速、泥层厚度对干燥速度的影响,干燥消化污泥所需时间要快于同条件下的未消化污泥。还给出了2种低温干燥工艺流程,为工业应用提供借鉴。