Does safety climate moderate the influence of staffing adequacy and work conditions on nurse injuries?

PROBLEM: Hospital nurses have one of the highest work-related injury rates in the United States. Yet, approaches to improving employee safety have generally focused on attempts to modify individual behavior through enforced compliance with safety rules and mandatory participation in safety training. We examined a theoretical model that investigated the impact on nurse injuries (back injuries and needlesticks) of critical structural variables (staffing adequacy, work engagement, and work conditions) and further tested whether safety climate moderated these effects. METHOD: A longitudinal, non-experimental, organizational study, conducted in 281 medical-surgical units in 143 general acute care hospitals in the United States. RESULTS: Work engagement and work conditions were positively related to safety climate, but not directly to nurse back injuries or needlesticks. Safety climate moderated the relationship between work engagement and needlesticks, while safety climate moderated the effect of work conditions on both needlesticks and back injuries, although in unexpected ways. DISCUSSION AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Our findings suggest that positive work engagement and work conditions contribute to enhanced safety climate and can reduce nurse injuries.     

如何做好新形势下的淮北市环境监测工作

环境监测工作是环境保护工作的基础工作，在新的形势下，如何做好环境监测工作，是环保工作必须面对的一个重要课题。本文通过总结研究淮北市在环境监测工作中一些富有创造性的做法和所取得的成效，经验，提出了一些有独立见解的工作思路和建议，对广大环保工作者特别是环境监测工作者，有一定的借鉴意义。     

粉料无尘装车机工作原理及其在冶金厂矿的应用

介绍集装车与防尘统一于一体的无尘装车技术及具有设备本质安全化特点的无尘装车机在解决粉状物料装车作业时的扬尘问题,保护作业工人健康,维护厂区环境方面的重要优越性。     

试论建立矿山安全生产长效机制

当前,我国正处在经济发展的转型期,出现了多种经济成份的组织形式。在一些企业,特别是矿山生产企业,重生产、轻生命,重利益、轻安全的现象十分严重。笔者首先对矿山安全生产的规律特点、现状进行了认真分析;指出目前存在着安全生产责任不落实,矿山开采秩序混乱,惩治力度不大,安全第一思想树的不牢,安全监管力量薄弱等问题。进而分析了建立矿山安全生产长效机制的可行性,指出以人为本的科学发展观的确立,政府的重视,职工维权意识的增强为建立安全生产长效机制奠定了基础。阐述了安全生产长效机制的概念,确立了“三大机制”作为安全生产长效机制的核心内容,并对此进行了详细地论述。     

而今迈步从头越——《安全生产法》征求意见稿学习体会和修改建议

首先分析了我国《安全生产法》的发展沿革,且认真学习了目前发布的《安全生产法》征求意见稿,归纳了征求意见稿还应实现四个重点突破:必须体现以人为本的执政理念;职业危害防治应列为《安全生产法》的重要条款之一;安全生产执法监察应与公共安全及行政管理分离;应对工伤保险预防机制作出明确要求。此外,建议通过《安全生产法》的进一步修订实现我国安全生产的制度化建设:建议逐步建立安全生产分级监察管理体制;推进风险管理制度,对企业实行风险分级与分级监管;逐步提出建立安全生产监察员专业化制度;建立与国际接轨的生产安全事故统计报告系统;强化城市建设土地使用规划的风险管理和安全许可;生产安全事故应急管理应强化应急准备工作;建立独立生产安全事故调查机构和公开公正调查程序;应在《安全生产法》中明确"安全生产委员会"的组织形式和功能;生产安全事故责任追究应与激励政策相结合。     

Evolution of working conditions under the impact of ICTs

IntroductionInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) play a major role in the current evolution of work. They are both a great tool for emancipating human beings from the most tedious and most dangerous tasks and an effective vector for intensifying work.MethodsOn the basis of three foresight exercises carried out in recent years and by describing concrete examples of work organizations, the authors highlight the main possible trends for the changes to come.ConclusionsThey conclude on a few general principles that could allow the establishment of a win–win policy.     

国内外地下水环境监测工作研究进展

由于自然条件和经济社会发展条件的不同,使得不同国家和地区的地下水监测工作差别很大。文章在系统整理总结美国、欧盟、台湾等主要国家和地区地下水监测工作有关的论文、规章等成果基础上,对地下水监测工作研究现状进行了概述,结合我国地下水监测工作开展的实际情况,进行对比和分析;提出了目前我国在地下水监测工作中存在的不足,并对如何提高和促进我国地下水监测工作提出了对策建议。     

Analysis of underlying causes of investigated loss of containment incidents in Dutch Seveso plants using the Storybuilder method

In the Netherlands there are around 400 “Seveso” sites that fall under the Dutch Major Hazards Decree (BRZO) 1999. Between 2006 and 2010 the Dutch Labour Inspectorate's Directorate for Major Hazard Control completed investigations of 118 loss of containment incidents involving hazardous substances from this group. On the basis of investigation reports the incidents were entered in a tailor-made tool called Storybuilder developed for the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment for identifying the dominant patterns of technical safety barrier failures, barrier task failures and underlying management causes associated with the resulting loss of control events. The model is a bow-tie structure with six lines of defence, three on either side of the central loss of containment event. In the first line of defence, failures in the safety barriers leading to loss of control events were primarily equipment condition failures, pre start-up and safeguarding failures and process deviations such as pressure and flow failures. These deviations, which should have been recovered while still within the safe envelope of operation, were missed primarily because of inadequate indication signals that the deviations have occurred. Through failures of subsequent lines of defence they are developing into serious incidents. Overall, task failures are principally failures to provide adequate technical safety barriers and failures to operate provided barriers appropriately. Underlying management delivery failures were mainly found in equipment specifications and provisions, procedures and competence. The competence delivery system is especially important for identifying equipment condition, equipment isolation for maintenance, pre-start-up status and process deviations. Human errors associated with operating barriers were identified in fifty per cent of cases, were mostly mistakes and feature primarily in failure to prevent deviations and subsequently recover them. Loss of control associated with loss of containment was primarily due to the containment being bypassed (72% of incidents) and less to material strength failures (28%). Transfer pipework, connections in process plant and relief valves are the most frequent release points and the dominant release material is extremely flammable. It is concluded that the analysis of a large number of incidents in Storybuilder can support the quantification of underlying causes and provide evidence of where the weak points exist in major hazard control in the prevention of major accidents.     

论煤矿安全长效机制中经济杠杆的作用

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的进一步完善和国民经济的持续高速发展,安全生产也面临着新的挑战。在以煤炭生产为代表的高风险行业中建立“长久”而又“有效”的安全生产机制,必须坚持科学发展观,严格遵循经济规律,充分发挥经济杠杆作用。笔者结合我国煤矿安全生产的实际状况,从加强煤矿企业资本管理制度、实行煤炭资源有偿使用制度、建立税收优惠政策、强化煤矿安全保险制度、提高职工伤亡抚恤标准、推行煤矿负责人安全风险抵押金制度和实施煤炭行业人才培养体系改革等方面,提出了煤矿安全生产长效机制建设的新举措。     

圆孔翻边极限翻边系数的计算

根据板料屈服极限与断面收缩率的关系,推导出圆孔翻边时极限翻边系数的近似计算公式.