啤酒酵母去除水中Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学和解吸特性

生物吸附法是一种经济有效的处理大规模低浓度重金属废水的生物技术,其中啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是具有实用潜力的生物吸附剂.通过以实验室培养的啤酒酵母作生物吸附剂,研究了啤酒酵母对Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)吸附的动力学解吸特性,结果表明:非固定化啤酒酵母对重金属的吸附是一个快速的、不依赖于生物代谢的过程,经过2h后Cd~(2+)达吸附平衡,Cu~(2+)为3 h.它们的吸附动力学过程均可用Elovich方程、抛物线扩散方程、双常数方程、二级动力学方程、Langmuir动力学方程来拟合,对Cd~(2+)来说,以二级动力学方程的拟合效果最佳,Cu~(2+)以Elovich方程最佳.固定化啤酒酵母吸附Cd~(2+)的平衡时间为60 h,Cu~(2+)为24 h,吸附速率大大降低.固定化啤酒酵母对重金属的吸附动力学也可用Elovich方程、抛物线扩散方程、双常数方程、二级动力学方程、Langmuir动力学方程拟合,但Cd~(2+)以Elovich方程最佳,Cu~(2+)以Langmuir动力学方程最佳.固定化碱处理啤酒酵母可用HC1作为解吸剂进行解吸,使吸附剂得到再生,具有较大的开发应用潜力.     

一种改性微生物吸附剂的制备及其对镉离子的吸附特性

改性生物吸附剂具有更好的重金属离子去除能力,成为近年来研究热点.本研究通过向菌株拉乌尔菌Raoultella sp. X13生长培养基中添加特定盐获得改性吸附剂,并研究了其镉离子（Cd²⁺）吸附特性.研究结果表明,相比原始菌体X13,经KCl、K₂SO₄、KH₂PO₄、（NH₄）₂SO₄和NH₄Cl改进的生长培养基制备的吸附剂提高了对Cd²⁺吸附效果.其中,NH₄Cl改性的拉乌尔菌Raoultella sp. X13（命名为R5-1）对Cd²⁺吸附能力显著增加,达66.40 mg·g^-1,增加了47.30%.这一显著变化主要依赖于生长代谢引起的细胞表面结构变化.Cd²⁺吸附特性研究结果表明生物吸附过程受溶液pH、初始金属浓度和接触时间的影响.Langmuir等温线模型和伪二级动力学模型更加符合吸附剂R5-l对Cd²⁺的吸附数据. FTIR分析表明R5-l表面存在多种功能位点并可能参与金属离子的结合,例如—OH,—CH₂,N—H, —COO,磷酸盐或硫酸盐等官能团.模拟实验结果表明吸附剂R5-l可以有效修复废水中多种金属离子.因此,本研究获得的改性吸附剂R5-l可以作为重金属Cd²⁺的潜在微生物修复剂,并为高效,简便,环保地制备改性吸附剂提供一定的参考.     

Pre-treating biosorbents for purification of bioethanol from aqueous solution

Cost-effective biosorbents made from the byproducts of agriculture, forest, and related industries, such as barley straw, canola meal, and wood sawdust, have significant water adsorption capacity, showing a great potential for selective water removal from bioalcohols to produce fuel grade products. However, there is a challenge that the biosorbents are not stable when they come in contact with aqueous solution. There are organic carbons released from biosorbents to liquid phase, which needs to be addressed before this technology is applied in the industrial purification of bioalcohols. In this work, raw barley straw representing an abundant group of cellulosic materials in the above-mentioned industries was used as a model material. A methodology of chemical and physical treatment was developed to treat barley straw which successfully enhanced the stability and reduced the total organic carbon release from the material into the aqueous solution. In addition, the pre-treated barley straw biosorbent had significantly increased micropores, and the Brunauer--Emmett--Teller surface area favored by water adsorption compared with raw barley straw. It also had higher water uptake and dynamic water adsorption selectivity. The pre-treated barley straw was able to selectively remove water and generate concentrated ethanol.