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排序方式: 共有151条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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ThebufferingeffectsofaquaticsedimentsagainstacidicdepositionLiaoBohan;TangHongxiao(ResearehCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences... 相似文献
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Yilei Yu Xianfang Song Yinghua Zhang Fandong Zheng Ji Liang Dongmei Han Ying M Hongmei Bu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(9):1754-1763
Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater. 相似文献
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采用离子色谱法同时测定白云石中高含量钙镁,该法与目前使用的络合滴定法相比,具有准确可靠、操作简便快速、无干扰等特点。对样品测定取得了满意的结果,氧化钙与镁瓣含量分别为31.99%和21.47%,相对标准偏差分别为0.81%和0.65%,平均回收率分别99.9%和102%。 相似文献
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Richeng Xuan Lestley Arisi Qiquan Wang Scott R. Yates Keka C. Biswas 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):73-81
Oxytetracycline ((2Z,4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6S,12aS)-2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4-dimethylamino-5,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-1,3,12-trione) is a member of tetracycline antibiotics family and is widely administered to farm animals for the purpose of therapeutical treatment and health protection. Increasing attention has been paid to the environmental fate of oxytetracycline and other veterinary antibiotics with the occurrence of these antibiotics in the environment. The hydrolysis and photolysis degradation of oxytetracycline was investigated in this study. Oxytetracycline hydrolysis was found to obey the first-order model and similar rate constant values ranging from 0.094 ± 0.001 to 0.106 ± 0.003 day? 1 were obtained at different initial concentration ranging from 10 to 230 μ M. Solution pH and temperature were shown to have remarked effects on oxytetracycline hydrolysis. The hydrolysis in pH neutral solution appeared to be much faster than in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Oxytetracycline half-life decreased from 1.2 × 102 to 0.15 day with the increasing temperature from 4 ± 0.8 to 60 ± 1°C. The presence of Ca2 + made oxytetracycline hydrolytic degradation kinetics deviate from the simple first-order model to the availability-adjusted first-order model and greatly slowed down the hydrolysis. Oxytetracycline photolysis was found to be very fast with a degradation rate constant at 3.61 ± 0.06 day? 1, which is comparable to that of hydrolysis at 60°C. The presence of Ca2 + accelerated oxytetracycline photolysis, implying that oxytetracycline become more vulnerable to sunlight irradiation after chelating with Ca2 +. The photolysis may be the dominant degradation pathway of oxytetracycline in shallow transparent water environment. 相似文献
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高分子量高纯度阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以丙烯酰胺与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为单体,在复合引发剂的作用下,选择水溶液共聚法合成高分子量与高纯度阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)。实验表明,有机偶氮引发剂A用量0.5‰、氧化还原引发剂用量0.45‰、还原剂与氧化剂摩尔比2∶1、反应体系pH为4与反应时间5 h条件下,CPAM分子量为1 042万,且溶解性好。通过对聚合物残单含量影响因素添加剂用量、反应时间的研究,结果表明,添加剂EDTA和增溶剂D对残留AM含量影响小,而苯甲酸钠对聚合物残留AM的含量影响显著;延长反应时间至7 h,残单含量可降低至0.27%,CPAM的纯度高。通过与国内外3种同类型产品进行对比,结果表明,自制产品的分子量明显高于其他产品,且残单含量比国内产品降低了50%~75%。 相似文献
8.
M. W. Kress R. Baker S. J. Ursic 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(5):747-756
ABSTRACT: The deposition and chemistry of precipitation were estimated for one year in two forest ecosystems in the South-Central United States. Precipitation, throughfall, litter leachate, and soil leachate were analyzed for a small catchment of pine-hardwoods in southeastern Oklahoma and for a catchment of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) in northern Mississippi. In the pine-hardwood forest, 98 percent of the acid deposition was neutralized, 50 percent in the forest canopy, and 48 percent in the forest floor. In the pine forest, 75 percent of the acid deposition was neutralized, all in the forest floor. The pine-hardwood ecosystem accumulated sulfate, nitrate, and ammonia ions, and lost base cations. During seasons of deficient precipitation, dry deposition appeared to enrich the concentrations of hydrogen, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonia ions in throughfall samples at both locations. 相似文献
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Wendy A. Rice Steven M. Gorelick 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(6):919-930
A graphical inverse method for determining the regional transmissivity distribution was applied to three field problems. The study areas were the Hanford Site, Washington; the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado; and the Nevada Test Site, Nevada. This method can aid in flow system conceptualization by revealing the location of bedrock controls for groundwater flow. It is a valuable tool for aiding the hydrogeologist in asking questions about the nature of trends in the pattern of transmissivity values. Quantitative estimates of regional transmissivities can be used as starting points for further parameter refinement. Sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation shows that quantitative estimates of transmissivity can be obtained when measurement error in the hydraulic head does not cause a large error in the hydraulic gradient. 相似文献
10.
Mary Beth Adams James N. Kochenderfer Pamela J. Edwards 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):267-273
In 1989, a watershed acidification experiment was begun on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA. Ammonium
sulfate fertilizer (35.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1and 40.5 kg S ha−1 yr−1) was applied to a forested watershed (WS3) that supported a 20-year-old stand of eastern deciduous hardwoods. Additions of
N and S are approximately twice the ambient deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in the adjacent mature forested watershed (WS4),
that serves as the reference watershed for this study. Acidification of stream water and soil solution was documented, although
the response was delayed, and acidification processes appeared to be driven by nitrate rather than sulfate. As a result of
the acidification treatment, nitrate solution concentrations increased below all soil layers, whereas sulfate was retained
by all soil layers after only a few years of the fertilization treatments, perhaps due to adsorption induced from decreasing
sulfate deposition. Based on soil solution monitoring, depletion of calcium and magnesium was observed, first from the upper
soil horizons and later from the lower soil horizons. Increased base cation concentrations in stream water also were documented
and linked closely with high solution levels of nitrate. Significant changes in soil chemical properties were not detected
after 12 years of treatment, however. 相似文献