铁路环境噪声对居民冲击影响的模糊综合评价

铁路环境噪声对居民的冲击影响程度不仅与列车运行辐射噪声级有关，而且还与人口密度，及白天、夜间的人口比例等因素有关。考虑以上诸多因素，采用模糊综合评价方法进行铁路环境噪声对居民的冲击影响的综合比较评价，并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性，为铁路环境噪声评价提供了新的方法。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF A SWEDISH AND A CHINESE HYDROLOGICAL MODEL1

ABSTRACT: There are a large number of conceptual hydrological models available today. It is not easy to immediately identify the similarities and differences between the different models. The Swedish HBV model and the Chinese Xinanjiang model are two examples of conceptual, semi-distributed, rainfall-runoff models. The Xinanjiang model was designed for use in humid and semi-humid regions, with no routine for the snowmelt runoff, whereas the snow routine is an important part of the HBV model in many applications. The model structures of the two models may be described in four routines, compared in this paper. The integral structures of them are similar, but there are some differences, especially in the runoff production routine. The physical significance and physical definitions of some model parameters were analyzed. Both models were tested in two basins. Both models gave similar results, and both models performed well in the application. The similarity of the results obtained by different model structures leads to the following two conclusions. First, more effort should probably be spent on the improvement of input data quality and coverage than on the development of more detailed model structures only. Second, inference about basin behavior and characteristics from the values of calibrated model parameters must be made with great caution.     

中美煤矿安全比较与借鉴

中国和美国都是煤炭生产和消费大国,但是中国的煤矿安全却与美国存在巨大差距。笔者首先从两国历年来煤矿安全数据分析入手,认为:美国煤矿安全经历了严重恶化、小幅波动和安全稳定3个阶段;而中国的煤矿经历了改革开放前大起大落和其后的小幅波动两个阶段,迄今为止,还没有进入安全稳定时期。然后从法规、监察、采矿权、安全投入、矿工及工会、教育及培训、科技进步等7个方面对两国的煤矿安全进行了比较。最后,借鉴美国进入第3阶段的成功经验,提出一些改善中国煤矿安全的相应对策建议,如完善法规、加强监管、明晰采矿权、设立安全投入预算资金、改善矿工的弱势地位、加强教育与培训、依靠科技进步等。     

电化学探头法测定水中溶解氧分析方法的介绍

根据电化学探头法的原理,对便携式溶解氧测定仪测定水中溶解氧的分析方法进行了介绍,并与碘量法进行分析对比。     

发达国家（地区）农业现代化进程中农户与市场对接模式比较

通过对美国、日本、法国、我国台湾地区农户与市场对接模式的比较,发现依靠中间组织——农协、企业、农业合作组织等实现了农业流通现代化。基于此,结合我国农业现状和具体国情,提出从政府引导、农产品流通的组织建设、加强市场监管力度三个方面来实施我国农户与市场的对接,从而加快我国农业流通现代化进程和农业经济的可持续发展。     

Revisiting the national corporate social responsibility index

This paper relies on Gjølberg’s national corporate social responsibility (CSR) index while its purpose is twofold. First, it seeks to extend the methodological instrument for assessing national CSR and, second, it applies the new approach to a much larger pool of countries (n = 86) in an attempt to provide a global CSR outlook. The emergent picture from the study is one of deficient CSR penetration and wide variation among countries where most of the assessed countries are still lagging in the endorsement of international CSR initiatives and schemes. Findings offer fertile ground to theorists and researchers for a deeper investigation of the national specificity of CSR and to further identify institutional determinants that shape the social responsiveness and self-regulation of business entities. The study has also implications for managers and top executives to consider as it infers that the national background can be influential in the development of a CSR agenda and can condition the level of CSR penetration.     

数显型电热板加热法在河流高锰酸盐指数应急监测中的应用研究

高锰酸盐指数常被作为地表水体受有机污染物和还原性无机物质污染程度的综合指标.采用数显型电热板加热法测定水中高锰酸盐指数,通过实验确定了加热时间和加热温度.并分别采用水浴法和电热板加热法对应急样品进行了高锰酸盐指数的测定,两种测定方法的比对研究结果表明,应急监测时采用数显型电热板加热法测定耗时更短,检测结果与国标法测定没有显著差异,是可行且有效的应急监测替代方法.     

烟气排放连续监测系统比对监测中存在问题探讨研究

随着工业化、城镇化进程加快和消费结构的持续升级,能源需求刚性增长、国内资源保障能力受限、环境容量受到制约,"十二五"时期的节能减排工作显得尤为紧迫、艰巨和重要。污染源自动监测数据作为节能减排监测体系中计算排污企业主要污染物排放量和确定达标排放的重要依据,是环境保护主管部门进行总量考核、监督执法、排污申报核定等工作的数据基础。用传统的国家标准方法对固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统进行比对测试时,会受到水分、一氧化碳、硫化氢、监测点位以及分析方法的影响,对比对测试结果会造成一定影响;通过分析比对监测过程中的影响原因,针对相应的影响因素给出了相应的对策措施,提高了自动监测数据的准确性和有效性。     

转炉煤气净化回收技术发展现状

介绍了氧气转炉煤气的干法和湿法净化回收技术的发展现状,着重二者的技术经济比较,阐述干法(LT法)的发展优势.     

Statistical comparison and correlation of zinc and lead in estuarine sediments along the western coast of Mauritius

Cr, Zn and Pb were quantified using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) from urban and rural estuarine sediments collected along the western coast of Mauritius during the period July 2002-January 2003. The mean concentration of Cr (225.4 mg kg(-1)), Zn (107.0 mg kg(-1)) and Pb (27.0 mg kg(-1)) in sediments along the six estuaries can be considered below those from contaminated estuarine sediments. Zn and Pb were significantly higher in urban sediments downstream St. Louis River compared to a rural estuary at Tamarin at 5% significance level. Zn was also significantly lower in Tamarin compared to Petite Riviere Noire estuary. Cr was however not significantly different in sediments from the six estuaries and could be considered of basaltic origin and were correlated to neither lead nor zinc. The concentration of Zn and Pb were greatest in the more urbanised upper and lower reaches of the St. Louis estuary during the period of study and were also significantly positively correlated in the estuarine sediments indicating that the cycling of Pb and Zn were linked indicating a common source for Pb and Zn. The potential sources of Pb and Zn in the urban estuarine sediments were considered to arise from road runoff causing significant quantities to be trapped. At present, compared to contaminant levels found in the UK and elsewhere, Mauritius still looks relatively uncontaminated but there is growing concern about heavy metal contamination in urban estuaries. There is therefore a need for long-term studies in estuarine management to involve integrated strategies in which water-sediment interactions in estuaries need to be considered and international standards for sediment quality developed. Such studies undertaken in the future would further the understanding of the biogeochemical processes of estuarine systems in Mauritius which could then be used in environmental development schemes and effective coastal zone management.