中国东南沿海的地质构造特征

本文主要论述了中国东南大地构造演化特征。晋宁旋回,南北板块碰撞,形成近东西向构造格局、转换块间带及交结盆地。加里东旋回至印支旋回,东南地壳由非成熟性地壳逐渐向稳定性大陆地壳过渡。陆壳的生长是以两个外隆为中心呈环带状向外扩张。燕山旋回,大陆破坏和改造,形成大陆边缘的流纹岩链。显示了地壳生长为多旋回前进演化的特征。     

淮海经济区核心区污染排放对重点区域城市PM2.5贡献研究

基于WRF-CMAQ空气质量模型，采用开关污染源排放的敏感性试验方法，定量分析了淮海经济区核心区污染排放对京津冀区域、"2+26 "大气污染传输通道城市、汾渭平原地区和长三角区域PM_2.5的贡献.结果表明，对京津冀区域，污染贡献比例最大值出现在10月份，同时对不同城市的贡献值在10%以内变化；对" 2+26"大气传输通道城市，影响的时空差异变化明显，其中对聊城市、菏泽市和济南市的贡献值均超过了10%；对汾渭平原地区的贡献总体较弱，最大贡献值低于5%；对长三角区域，贡献值在不同城市间的时空差异变化明显.考虑到淮海经济区地处京津冀和长三角过渡地带，且对京津冀和长三角区域PM_2.5影响较大，建议尽快将淮海经济区核心地区纳入国家大气污染重点控制区.     

城市可持续性:欧洲城市改造的经验与启示

全球化和城市化使得世界城市发展面临着严重的生态环境问题与挑战,城市可持续性是解决这些问题的根本出路.本文利用欧洲城市改造的案例对城市可持续性进行了分析和研究,通过城市可持续性的原则、特点和影响因素分析,重点讨论了欧洲地方环境行动计划,以及项目特点、预算来源、战略目标、管理形式和行动计划与方案,指出切实可行的行动计划、普遍的公众参与、充足的资金来源、相关利益人的协作体、信息技术应用是城市可持续性和竞争力提升的根本保证.     

变压器火灾及预防

本文通过详细分析变压器火灾原因，提出预防变压器火灾的技术措施，供生产厂家、使用单位和消防监督管理部门有关技术人员、生产者、监管人员参考。     

Landscape trajectory of natural boreal forest loss as an impediment to green infrastructure

Loss of natural forests by forest clearcutting has been identified as a critical conservation challenge worldwide. This study addressed forest fragmentation and loss in the context of the establishment of a functional green infrastructure as a spatiotemporally connected landscape-scale network of habitats enhancing biodiversity, favorable conservation status, and ecosystem services. Through retrospective analysis of satellite images, we assessed a 50- to 60-year spatiotemporal clearcutting impact trajectory on natural and near-natural boreal forests across a sizable and representative region from the Gulf of Bothnia to the Scandinavian Mountain Range in northern Fennoscandia. This period broadly covers the whole forest clearcutting period; thus, our approach and results can be applied to comprehensive impact assessment of industrial forest management. The entire study region covers close to 46,000 km² of forest-dominated landscape in a late phase of transition from a natural or near-natural to a land-use modified state. We found a substantial loss of intact forest, in particular of large, contiguous areas, a spatial polarization of remaining forest on regional scale where the inland has been more severely affected than the mountain and coastal zones, and a pronounced impact on interior forest core areas. Salient results were a decrease in area of the largest intact forest patch from 225,853 to 68,714 ha in the mountain zone and from 257,715 to 38,668 ha in the foothills zone, a decrease from 75% to 38% intact forest in the inland zones, a decrease in largest patch core area (assessed by considering 100-m patch edge disturbance) from 6114 to 351 ha in the coastal zone, and a geographic imbalance in protected forest with an evident predominance in the mountain zone. These results demonstrate profound disturbance of configuration of the natural forest landscape and disrupted connectivity, which challenges the establishment of functional green infrastructure. Our approach supports the identification of forests for expanded protection and conservation-oriented forest landscape restoration.     

基于ImageJ评价泥炭岩心存储对色相与彩度的影响

利用ImageJ软件对2008年在红原泥炭地开展钻探时的泥炭岩心照片和2009年分样时的岩心照片进行表面色彩分析.对比分析发现,存储以前和存储以后泥炭岩心的表面色彩发生改变,表现在样品存储后基于RGB色彩体系的三元色值和灰度值均有降低(变暗),且各色值变化幅度降低.就各色值在剖面上的变化特征而言,样品存储前和存储后的变...     

红枫湖钻孔沉积物中滴滴涕的沉积记录

采用GC/MS方法分析了红枫湖钻孔沉积物中滴滴涕的垂直分布状况,并对其来源和生态风险进行了分析和评估.红枫湖钻孔沉积物中滴滴涕的含量介于7.6～23.7ng/g之间,且从底层至表层基本上呈下降的趋势.其中,1981～1983年间有一个急剧下降的过程,随后基本上呈缓慢下降的趋势.沉积物中滴滴涕的组成以p,p′-DDTs(p,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDE和p,p′-DDD的总和)为主,p,p′-DDTs与o,p′-DDTs(o,p′-DDT、o,p′-DDE和o,p′-DDD总和)的比值在5.1～8.4之间,说明沉积物中的滴滴涕主要来源于农药滴滴涕的残留.又因为沉积物中残留的滴滴涕是以它的代谢产物为主,DDT/(DDD+DDE)的比值为0.31～0.84,所以沉积物中的滴滴涕主要源于历史的残留.此外,DDT/(DDD+DDE)和DDE/DDD比值的垂直变化特征显示,尽管我国1983年就禁止了滴滴涕在农业上的使用,但直至1990年前后,红枫湖流域内仍存在滴滴涕使用的可能.风险评价的结果显示,红枫湖表层沉积物中DDE、DDD、DDT和DDTs的含量均介于ERL和ERM值之间,可能造成潜在的生态风险,因此红枫湖沉积物中滴滴涕的污染仍值得密切关注.     

Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Erhai, Southwest China

The temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in a sediment core from Lake Erhal in Southwest China using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.The total organic carbon (TOC) normalized total PAHs concentrations (sum of US Environmental Protection Agency proposed 16 priority PAHs) ranged from 31.9 to 269 μg/g dry weight (dw),and were characterized by a slowly increasing stage in the deeper sediments and a sharp increasing stage in the upper sediments.The PAHs in the sediments were dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs,suggesting that the primary source of PAHs was low- and moderate temperature combustion processes.However,both the significant increase in high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in the upper sediments and the vertical profile of diagnostic ratios pointed out a change in the sources of PAHs from low-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion.The ecotoxicological assessment based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines implied that potential adverse biological impacts were possible for benzo(ghi)perylenelene and most LMW PAHs.In addition,the total BaP equivalent quotient of seven carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BaA,CHr,BbF,BkF,BaP,DBA and INP) was 106.1 ng/g,according to the toxic equivalency factors.Although there was no great biological impact associated with the HMW PAlls,great attention should be paid to these PAH components based on their rapid increase in the upper sediments.     

安全与企业核心竞争力

企业核心竞争力是支撑企业生存发展的根本动力.核心竞争力的不断提升,是企业长久生存和发展的关键.我国安全事故频发,加入WTO和经济全球化迫使我国必须重视职业安全健康非关税壁垒.从企业核心竞争力、安全与核心竞争力的关系以及造成安全生产现状等方面展开论述,并根据核心竞争力的特征以及市场发展现状得出结论,安全必须加入企业核心竞争力的培育中.     

崇明东滩湿地沉积物重金属污染的磁诊断

对取自崇明东滩的高潮滩、中潮滩和低潮滩的沉积物柱样进行了磁学、粒度、重金属含量等指标的分析、比较与综合研究. 结果表明:在以粉砂为主的崇明东滩,通过污染负荷指数法进行评价,除低潮滩无污染外,中潮滩和高潮滩均有中度的重金属污染. 选取中度重金属污染的高潮滩沉积物柱样进行粒度、重金属含量以及磁性参数的相关性分析显示,χ_fd,χ_ARM/SIRM与重金属含量和粘土(粒径<4 μm)之间有较高的相关性,并以此建立了磁诊断线性回归模型;χ_fd和χ_ARM/SIRM可作为重金属含量的替代指标.