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1.
大城市的城市化发展战略和途径研究--以南京市为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
城市化从本质上是一种经济社会结构变动过程,南京市作为长江三角洲的副中心城市和江苏省省会,需要认真研究在经济全球化背景下,如何加快推进城市化进程,发挥中心城市功能,促进城市现代化和可持续发展。城市化水平的提高、大城市中心功能的加强、较为明显的城乡二元结构是南京市城市化过程中的基本特征。南京城市化的发展遇到了前所未有的机遇,江苏省已经提出了大力规划建设以南京市为中心的都市圈,并在2001、2002连续2年扩张南京市区的范围,大大加强了南京市的综合实力。南京的城市化发展主要途径在于提升城市功能,奠定城市化的经济基础;以城市空间优化为支点,以基础设施建设为引导,提高城市现代化水平;增强中心城市辐射功能.带动城乡一体的发展。推进南京城市化的进程还必须要制定一些政策和措施傲保证,如加快户籍制度和土地制度的改革、加大投资融资的力度、制定各类切实可行的规划等等。 相似文献
2.
The province of Huelva in the SW of Spain presents high environmental contrasts: together with the great abundance of natural spaces, it shows the impacts of historical natural resources exploitation processes. In the Ria of Huelva, the effluents of the chemical industries must be added to the contaminating inputs of the Tinto and Odiel rivers, coming from the acid drainage of the mines located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. This forced the Environmental Agency (AMA) to elaborate in 1987 an Effluent Remediation Plan in order to negate unacceptable environmental impacts. The application of a grey box systemic analysis to the AMD pollution, undergone by the Tinto and Odiel rivers has allowed to set a conclusive explanation of the sampling results observed for a period of 11 years, thus making available an overall view of the polluting process and, above all, an explanation of its partial aspects. 相似文献
3.
Sulphate, Nitrogen and Base Cation Budgets at 21 Forested Catchments in Canada, the United States and Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Watmough SA Aherne J Alewell C Arp P Bailey S Clair T Dillon P Duchesne L Eimers C Fernandez I Foster N Larssen T Miller E Mitchell M Page S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,109(1-3):1-36
To assess the concern over declining base cation levels in forest soils caused by acid deposition, input-output budgets (1990s
average) for sulphate (SO4), inorganic nitrogen (NO3-N; NH4-N), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were synthesised for 21 forested catchments from 17 regions in Canada,
the United States and Europe. Trend analysis was conducted on monthly ion concentrations in deposition and runoff when more
than 9 years of data were available (14 regions, 17 sites). Annual average SO4 deposition during the 1990s ranged between 7.3 and 28.4 kg ha−1 per year, and inorganic nitrogen (N) deposition was between 2.8 and 13.8 kg ha−1 per year, of which 41–67% was nitrate (NO3-N). Over the period of record, SO4 concentration in deposition decreased in 13/14 (13 out of 14 total) regions and SO4 in runoff decreased at 14/17 catchments. In contrast, NO3-N concentrations in deposition decreased in only 1/14 regions, while NH4-N concentration patterns varied; increasing at 3/14 regions and decreasing at 2/14 regions. Nitrate concentrations in runoff
decreased at 4/17 catchments and increased at only 1 site, whereas runoff levels of NH4-N increased at 5/17 catchments. Decreasing trends in deposition were also recorded for Ca, Mg, and K at many of the catchments
and on an equivalent basis, accounted for up to 131% (median 22%) of the decrease in acid anion deposition. Base cation concentrations
in streams generally declined over time, with significant decreases in Ca, Mg and K occurring at 8, 9 and 7 of 17 sites respectively,
which accounted for up to 133% (median 48%) of the decrease in acid anion concentration. Sulphate export exceeded input at
18/21 catchments, likely due to dry deposition and/or internal sources. The majority of N in deposition (31–100%; median 94%)
was retained in the catchments, although there was a tendency for greater NO3-N leaching at sites receiving higher (<7 kg ha-1 per year) bulk inorganic N deposition. Mass balance calculations show that export of Ca and Mg in runoff exceeds input at
all 21 catchments, but K export only exceeds input at 16/21 sites. Estimates of base cation weathering were available for
18 sites. When included in the mass balance calculation, Ca, Mg and K exports exceeded inputs at 14, 10 and 2 sites respectively.
Annual Ca and Mg losses represent appreciable proportions of the current exchangeable soil Ca and Mg pools, although losses
at some of the sites likely occur from weathering reactions beneath the rooting zone and there is considerable uncertainty
associated with mineral weathering estimates. Critical loads for sulphur (S) and N, using a critical base cation to aluminium
ratio of 10 in soil solution, are currently exceeded at 7 of the 18 sites with base cation weathering estimates. Despite reductions
in SO4 and H+ deposition, mass balance estimates indicate that acid deposition continues to acidify soils in many regions with losses of
Ca and Mg of primary concern.
The U.S. Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged.
The Canadian Crown reserves the right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright. 相似文献
4.
John Troiano Craig Nordmark Terrell Barry Bruce Johnson 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,45(3):301-319
A well sampling study was conducted to evaluate anempirical approach to classifying areasof land in California as vulnerable to ground watercontamination by pesticides (Troiano et al., 1994). Wells were sampled from sections of land that had noprevious detections of pesticideresidues. The sections had been classified into vulnerablesoil clusters or into a not-classified groupusing a procedure based on Principal Components Analysis(PCA). Grape, citrus, and olive growingareas of Fresno and Tulare Counties were targeted, areas wherepre-emergence herbicide residues hadbeen detected in well water. Overall, herbicide residues weredetected in 75 of 176 sampled wells, ahigh frequency of detection in relation to results fromprevious targeted well sampling studies. Sinceresidues were also detected in the not-classified group, theclassification procedure was modified usingan approach based on Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA). Moresections were classified intovulnerable soil clusters with the CVA approach than with thePCA method. Data from two otherexplanatory variables, depth to ground water and amount ofpesticide used per section, were includedto illustrate how additional information can be incorporatedinto this approach of identifying vulnerable areas. 相似文献
5.
进一步推导了曲面零件悬空区上的应力分布及临界失稳公式。然后通过计算机编程 ,求解了临界失稳方程 ,得到了拉深系数、相对锥顶半径、相对圆角半径、材料相对厚度与临界失稳时刻间的关系曲线 ,并对曲线变化的规律进行了分析。 相似文献
6.
人力资本法是评估环境污染健康损害价值(或治理污染的健康效益)的常用方法,但在发达国家,它逐渐被隐含价格法等所取代。本文通过实例研究,探讨了人力资本法在我国目前的适用性,研究结果表明,当使用流行病学关于疾病负担的计量方法(YPLL)时,人力资本法在我国有很大的适用性。 相似文献
7.
环境影响的经济评价方法与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简述了环境影响经济评价的程序。概述了环境影响货币化的3大类,共10种常用方法。运用人力资本法估算广州市大气污染引起的健康损害,损失达169 14亿元。 相似文献
8.
如何消除制件在拉深过程中出现的破裂、皱折是生产中经常遇到的难题。因为造成拉深件破裂、皱折的原因是复杂多样的,而且解决问题的根本方法正是目前研究的焦点。为满足实际需要根据拉深件上常出现的破裂和皱折的形式,分析产生的原因及消除的方法。 相似文献
9.
简述了燃煤氮氧化物的产生、迁移、转化规律及其对环境造成的危害,综述了燃煤氮氧化物排放控制技术研究进展和存在的问题,提出了可供参考的相关建议及解决的方案途径。 相似文献
10.
膜生物反应器膜污染的水力学控制实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
叙述了膜污染是影响膜-生物反应器处理技术推广应用的关键因素,采用水动力学方法是控制膜污染的有效方法。在不同污泥浓度条件下。对不同曝气强度下膜污染的发展速率及其形成机理进行了试验研究,研究结果表明:对应于不同污泥浓度均存在一个经济曝气强度,其大小随污泥浓度升高呈线性增加,膜生物反应器在经济曝气强度条件下运行可控制膜污染的发展;并从理论上推导出一个临界污泥浓度,其值为5.15g/L。对应于临界污泥浓度,并且污泥絮体在膜面可形成比较稳定的动态膜,膜过滤压差上升的速率最慢,膜生物反应器在此临界污泥浓度条件下运行膜污染发展最为缓慢。 相似文献