INFILTRATION OF ATRAZINE AND METABOLITES FROM A STREAM TO AN ALLUVIAL AQUIFER1

ABSTRACT: The infiltration of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine from Walnut Creek, a tributary stream, to the alluvial valley aquifer along the South Skunk River in central Iowa occurred where the stream transects the river's flood plain. A preliminary estimate indicated that the infiltration was significant and warrants further investigation. Infiltration was estimated by measuring the loss of stream discharge in Walnut Creek and the concentrations of atrazine and its metabolites deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine, in ground water 1 m beneath the streambed. Infiltration was estimated before application of agrichemicals to the fields during a dry period on April 7, 1994, and after application of agrichemicals during a period of small runoff on June 8, 1994. On April 7, the flux of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine from Walnut Creek into the alluvial valley aquifer ranged from less than 10 to 60 (μg/d)/m², whereas on June 8 an increased flux ranged from 270 to 3060 (μg/d)/m². By way of comparison, the calculated fluxes of atrazine beneath Walnut Creek, for these two dates, were two to five orders of magnitude greater than an estimated flux of atrazine to ground water caused by leaching from a field on a per-unit-area basis. Furthermore, the unit-area flux rates of water from Walnut Creek to the alluvial valley aquifer were about three orders of magnitude greater than estimated recharge to the alluvial aquifer from precipitation. The large flux of chemicals from Walnut Creek to the alluvial valley aquifer was due in part to the conductive streambed and rather fast ground water velocities; average vertical hydraulic conductivity through the streambed was calculated as 35 and 90 m/d for the two sampling dates, and estimated ground water velocities ranged from 1 to 5 m/d.     

阿特拉津及其代谢物在砂质壤土中的吸附

采用批量平衡法研究了阿特拉津（AT）及其主要代谢物脱乙基阿特拉津（DEA）和脱异丙基阿特拉津（DIA）在砂质壤土中的吸附行为,讨论了离子强度和温度对吸附的影响.结果表明,3种化合物的吸附24h基本达到平衡,吸附量大小顺序为AT > DIA > DEA;二级动力学模型可以很好地预估平衡吸附容量和初始吸附速率常数,颗粒内扩散方程表明颗粒扩散不是唯一的控速手段,Elovich方程拟合所得AT、DEA和DIA的瞬时吸附占各自吸附总量的53%、85%和80%;Freundlich方程能很好地描述3种化合物在供试土壤中的吸附特性,吸附系数（K_f）范围为0.7992~1.3201mg^1-1/n·mL^1/n/kg,经验常数1/n范围为0.7440~0.7530.溶液的离子强度和温度影响土壤对化合物的吸附,温度升高,K_f值降低;CaCl₂从0~0.01mol/L,K_f值增大,再继续增加,吸附系数有降低的趋势.