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堤坝蚁穴系统的水力-岩土模型及稳定性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
堤(坝)身蚁穴系统由蚁路及其周边白蚁活动范围内的土体构成,因土栖白蚁的生物化学作用,其表现出与围护土层完全不同的性质.将有关条件适当简化后,整个蚊道可简化为一个具有两弯折头的自由出流短管系统的水力-岩土计算模型.当洪水水位涨至蚁穴系统之上时,可按泄水短管计算;当洪水水位退至蚁穴系统最高点之下时,可按虹吸管系统计算.通过对蚁穴系统的水力变化特征、岩土工程特性及其相互间共同作用的分析与计算,可较准确地预测堤身的破坏点位置.同时,根据其破坏特征,提出了相应的处理措施. 相似文献
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Russell Schoof 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(4):697-701
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this literature review is to identify and quantify the effects of channelization and to examine the feasibility and acceptability of alternative methods of flood control. In the past 150 years, over 200,000 miles of stream channels have been modified. Channelization can affect the environment by draining wetland, cutting off oxbows and meanders, clearing floodplain hardwoods, lowering ground water levels, reducing ground water recharge from stream flow, and increasing erosion sedimentation, channel maintenance, and downstream flooding. Channelization reduces the size, number, and species diversity of fish in streams. In a wet climate, the fishery requires less than 10 years to fully recover. However, in the drier climates, the fishery may never fully recover. In general, channel modifications have performed as designed for flood abatement. The Arthur D. Little Study (1973) reported that direct benefits estimated during channelization planning have been conservative and that damage reduction has been impressive. Diking seems to be a viable alternative to channel dredging. Dikes minimize destruction of wetland and eliminate the need for removing vegetation from the existing stream banks. 相似文献
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西昆仑北带库地一带广泛发育基性岩墙群(辉绿岩),其化学成分为拉斑质玄武岩系列。岩脉的微量元素与稀土元素具典型的板内溢流玄武岩特征,富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土,稀土元素总量较高,弱的Eu正异常。Ta、Nb、Hf、Zr无亏损现象,反映岩脉未受到地壳物质的明显混染及经历了弱的结晶分异作用;而Sr、P明显亏损。则反映了亏损的源区性质,但不相容元素的比值表现出EMI特征,推测不相容元素富集是软流圈地幔上涌过程中低程度熔融所致。综合本文的研究及野外地质特征。表明辉绿岩是古塔里木南缘新元古代大陆裂解背景下的产物。 相似文献
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This paper presents results of the assessment of the design parameters leading to the definition of the crest level of a coastal
dike along the German North Sea. Procedures to estimate the design water level have been proposed, distinguishing between
comparative and single value procedures. The transformation of the wave characteristics from deep water towards the shallow
foreshore was achieved through the application of a spectral wave model. To improve the wave parameter estimations, the existing
model was nested to a grid with a higher resolution closer to the coast. The estimation of the wave run-up followed the Dutch
procedure with some adjustments to the local wave characteristics and dike geometry. The computed maximum crest level of 8.4 m
is below the crest height of the existing dike, which is 8.8 m. However a proposal for a more economical design should be
carefully evaluated, paying attention to the uncertainties encountered in this research. The general recommendation is to
enhance the reliability of the hindcasted wave parameters through calibration and validation of the wave model and to include
in the design process an investigation of the effect of the medium term morphological developments. 相似文献
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