QUALITY OF WATER AND BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN THE TRINITY RIVER1

ABSTRACT: Data were developed to determine the quality of water and bottom sediments in the Trinity River, and the mobility of various contaminants when bottom sediments were mixed with the river water under simulated dredging conditions. Thirteen sampling sites were selected. A number of chemical tests including heavy metals and pesticides were conducted on river water, elutriates, and bottom sediments. Statis bioassays using Daphnia magna were conducted on river water and elutriates. Results indicated that the river in the upper reach is grossly polluted due to discharge of waste water effluents from several large treatment plants. High concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, COD, heavy metals, and pesticides were found in water and bottom sediments. The concentrations of most of these pollutants exceeded the EPA recommended limits. Elutriation gave no consistent results, perhaps because of release or uptake of contaminants from the sediments. High mortality of D. magna were also recorded in the upper reach of the river. The quality of water and bottom sediments gradually improved in lower reaches.     

剩余污泥微波-淘洗及零价铁强化发酵性能

为解决微波预处理高含固率污泥存在碳源溶出率低和释放的碳源有效性低的问题,本文选用淘洗的方法,同时将零价铁（ZVI）添加到淘洗污泥的混合液和上清液中进行厌氧发酵以强化碳源的有效性.结果表明,淘洗显著提升了微波预处理高含固率（TS=11%~17%）污泥的碳溶出率,水淘和碱淘较未淘洗时碳源溶出率分别提高了13%~68%、146%~308%.ZVI的加入不仅显著提高了挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）溶出率,还能将大分子碳源定向转化为乙酸、丙酸等低分子碳源.混合液+ZVI、上清液+ZVI发酵的VFAs溶出量分别为317和354mg/g VSS,超过微波污泥VFAs溶出量的30倍.添加ZVI发酵后,丙酸、乙酸、丁酸等小分子碳源的比例有所上升,混合液中的占比分别为34%、26%、18%,上清液中的占比分别为39%、27%、20%,提升了污泥碳源的利用价值.研究表明,微波-淘洗预处理联合ZVI发酵技术能够有效提高剩余污泥中高效碳源的溶出率,这为剩余污泥的碳源化提供了一条新思路.