三峡库区万州滑坡多重分形特征

利用多重分形分析了三峡库区万州区滑坡的空间分布。分析的结果表明，单一分形维数并不能完整地描述万州区滑坡的空间分布结构；运用多重分形得到滑坡的分维D0=2．610〉D1〉D2〉…〉D∞=1．864。分维值D∞=1．864是多重分形的下限。它相当于万州区滑坡最密集区域在空间上的分布现象。     

Spatial and temporal patterns and the socioeconomic impacts of landslides in the tropical and mountainous Colombian Andes

Landslides are a natural hazard that presents a major threat to human life and infrastructure. Although they are a very common phenomenon in Colombia, there is a lack of analysis that entails national and comprehensive spatial, temporal, and socioeconomic evaluations of such events based on historical records. This study provides a detailed assessment of the spatial and temporal patterns and the socioeconomic impacts associated with landslides that occurred in the country between 1900 and 2018. Two national landslide databases were consulted and this information was complemented by local and regional landslide catalogues. A total of 30,730 landslides were recorded in the 118-year period. Rainfall is the most common trigger of landslides, responsible for 92 per cent of those registered, but most fatalities (68 per cent) are due to landslides caused by volcanic activity and earthquakes. An ‘fN curve’ revealed a very high frequency of small and moderate fatal landslides in the time frame.     

Landslides, risk and decision-making in Kinnaur District: bridging the gap between science and public opinion

In November 1989 a major landslide destroyed the link road to the village of Sapni in Kinnaur District of Himachal Pradesh in the Indian Himalaya. Although aware of the risk of further landslide activity, the community has campaigned successfully for reconstruction of the road. Decisions of this kind take place at the local level, through village institutions and open debate, with good feedback between villages and district government authorities. In this way a balance is established between meeting more immediate needs (such as domestic water supply, irrigation, road access) and taking acceptable risks. Using the Sapni landslide as a case study, this paper explores the issue of 'acceptable risk', and looks at the existing strategy for risk and disaster reduction in the district.     

滑坡灾害预防的若干问题

本文简析了滑坡机理及其影响失稳的因素,总括了滑坡治理和监测评价方法。实践证明岩体声发射监测技术是滑坡监测预报的最可靠方法。本文总结作者的研究与实践,提出若干声发射监测技术的发展建议。     

基于k/v比值的库岸涉水滑坡分类

滑坡的分类是一切滑坡研究与治理的基础和前提.在总结分析一般滑坡的分类方法基础上,针对库岸涉水滑坡水动力条件复杂多变的特殊性,选择渗透系数k和库水位升降速率v这两个具有对立统一关系的决定性参数作为分类因子,提出了基于k/v比值的库岸涉水滑坡分类方法,并阐述了其合理性及理论意义.该分类方法将库岸涉水滑坡分为k/v＞1型和k/v＜1型两个类别,是一种动态的分类.该方法的提出突破了对滑坡分类的常规思维,有助于解决系统动力学在滑坡稳定性分析和预测中所面临的困境,适应滑坡稳定性研究的发展趋势,具有一定的可借鉴性和指导意义.     

From silence to resilience: prospects and limitations for incorporating non-expert knowledge into hazard management

Despite efforts to include residents in hazard management, their contributions are often undervalued because they are seen as passive recipients of intervention rather than active participants in the production of knowledge, particularly when they lack technical expertise. However, using multiple perspectives and experiences can improve hazard management strategies and create safer communities. This paper examines a Colombian landslide management program to highlight the prospects and limitations of incorporating non-expert knowledge into hazard management. The Guardianas de la Ladera (Guardians of the Slope) in Manizales, Colombia is a program in which female heads of household are hired to maintain landslide-prevention infrastructure and communicate landslide risk to the community. While the highly regarded program is perceived as having reduced the frequency of landslides and associated damages, the hierarchical institutional structure inhibits bottom-up communication, including information that could improve long-term vulnerability reduction. We argue that regardless of the location, scale, or specific hazard being addressed, incorporating non-expert knowledge into hazard management potentially illuminates sources of vulnerability not recognized by technical or development experts.     

长江新滩滑坡的历史分析，趋势预测与启示

从对新滩滑坡的历史回顾分析入手,得出新滩滑坡具有时空上的周期性和继承性规律。着重阐述了１９８５年６月１２日新滩滑坡的形成过程,分析了其机理和形成原因,并由此得出对三峡库区滑坡灾害在治理上的重要启示。     

GPS应用于监测岩崩滑坡

采用先进的空间技术ＧＰＳ监测岩崩滑坡，这在国内尚属首次。经过几年的实际观测，在综合分析的基础上，发现了新滩滑坡区地壳形变的若干有用信息。同时指出这一地区位于长江三峡水库的重要地段，长期监测这一地段是非常必要的。     

Selected landslide types in the Central Himalaya: their relation to geological structure and anthropogenic activities

In a region that is highly sensitive to tectonic instability, the fragile nature of the Himalayas becomes further adversely affected by anthropogenic intervention. In the present study observations indicate that the landsliding process occurs along various tectonic zones where it is assisted by human activities. Bedding and joint plane dip slopes, high joint and joint set frequencies, low vegetation cover, high monsoonal rainfall, thin soil cover and anthropogenic activities were found to be the main causative factors of the landslides. Anthropogenic activities include local path, canal and road construction, mining and quarrying, overgrazing, deforestation and unscientific agricultural practices, such as tilling steeper slopes (>30) without contour benches and without provision of drainage ditches, and overcropping without giving rest to the overtaxed soils. Where slope conditions are critical human activities should be controlled so as to minimise the slope failure processes. Various recommendations are proposed.     

西安市白鹿塬滑坡特征及成因分析

白鹿塬位于西安市东南部,白鹿塬滑坡给当地居民的生活造成了很大的困难,也制约着当地经济的可持续发展。白鹿塬滑坡在空间分布上主要集中在以下3个区域:白鹿塬的灞河一侧,河的古刘村一带,鲸鱼沟边。其中,灞河一侧几乎全为滑坡发生区,成群分布。在对西安市白鹿塬滑坡所处地质环境条件调查的基础上,运用地质与遥感方法总结了白鹿塬滑坡特征,认为白鹿塬边较大的地形差异、地层的二元结构、河流的侧蚀作用及人为的削脚是白鹿塬滑坡形成的主要原因。遥感影像图上,滑坡区塬缘处呈现弧形陡坎状,滑坡区坡体较碎,坡体上冲沟发育,有双沟交汇现象;非滑坡区较平整,与塬面浑然一体。表明遥感影像在反映滑坡体方面很有效。