Managing Congestion: Economics of Price and Lottery Rationing

It is not uncommon for the carrying capacity for congestible facilities to be estimated before the allocation method is known. This paper shows how efficient capacity differs between two competing resource allocation mechanisms, one which is efficient (price) and one which is fair (lottery). The welfare theoretic implications of adopting lottery allocation rather than price allocation are illustrated from the perspectives of economic efficiency and the benefits obtained by resource users and suppliers. It is found that risk-neutral resource users will always prefer lottery allocation to price allocation. While price allocation is efficient, it is never in risk-neutral resource users» interests to have price allocation imposed. Conclusions are tested using a linear constant crowding demand function, in which case it is found that the efficient capacity for lottery rationing exceeds the efficient capacity where price is to be used to allocate a congestible resource. Objectives may be better met by joint use of allocation mechanisms, the implications of which are investigated using the linear demand model.     

中国环保彩票发行的可行性探究

目前,国家对彩票业越来越重视,政府为满足特定的社会公共需求而发行的彩票已成为一种重要筹资手段,而近些年来中国彩票业的迅速发展,也为环保彩票的发行提供了有利的借鉴.文章通过分析环保彩票在中国的经济基础及生态环境背景下发行的客观条件,回顾近些年来有关环保彩票的学术文献,以及期间各种关于环保彩票的发行呼吁与尝试,指出了国家在环保彩票方面的探索进程.并结合中国的实际情况,提供对策建议,为早日在国内发行环保彩票做好铺垫.     

生态环境补偿机制的探索

文章提出生态环境补偿机制问题 ,并对三种生态补偿机制进行研究。目的在于促进源头区、重点山区、水源涵养区的生态良性循环发展 ,全面改善我国的生态环境状况。