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1.
As part of a programme to characterize floating anthropogenic debris in the aquatic environment, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted 18 field surveys in the harbours of major metropolitan cities of the east, west, and Gulf coasts of the United States and the Mid-Atlantic Bight. the surveys were designed to provide information on the types, relative amounts, and distributions of aquatic debris in different geographic regions of the United States. Neuston nets (0.33 mm mesh) were used to collect surface debris during outgoing tides on two or three consecutive days in selected areas of each city. After each net tow, the debris, which ranged in size from small resin pellets to large plastic sheeting pieces, was identified, categorized, and counted. the data are being used to qualitatively characterize aquatic debris in coastal metropolitan areas, to examine potential regional variations, and to tentatively identify potential sources. 相似文献
2.
Mitigation and adaptation synergy in forest sector 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
N. H. Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):843-853
Mitigation and adaptation are the two main strategies to address climate change. Mitigation and adaptation have been considered
separately in the global negotiations as well as literature. There is a realization on the need to explore and promote synergy
between mitigation and adaptation while addressing climate change. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the synergy
between mitigation and adaptation by considering forest sector, which on the one hand is projected to be adversely impacted
under the projected climate change scenarios and on the other provide opportunities to mitigate climate change. Thus, the
potential and need for incorporating adaptation strategies and practices in mitigation projects is presented with a few examples.
Firstly, there is a need to ensure that mitigation programs or projects do not increase the vulnerability of forest ecosystems
and plantations. Secondly, several adaptation practices could be incorporated into mitigation projects to reduce vulnerability.
Further, many of the mitigation projects indeed reduce vulnerability and promote adaptation, for example; forest and biodiversity
conservation, protected area management and sustainable forestry. Also, many adaptation options such as urban forestry, soil
and water conservation and drought resistant varieties also contribute to mitigation of climate change. Thus, there is need
for research and field demonstration of synergy between mitigation and adaptation, so that the cost of addressing climate
change impacts can be reduced and co-benefits increased. 相似文献
3.
4.
用自来水和去离子水配制不同的pH溶液,测定涡虫生存及再生的情况,以及涡虫可承受的pH变化幅度,确定日本三角涡虫对不同酸碱环境的耐受性。结果表明涡虫对酸碱环境的耐受力较强。 相似文献
5.
6.
江苏省丹阳市水稻土自然生产潜力的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文借助作物生长模型与模糊数学的方法对江苏省丹阳市的两种种植制度的土壤自然生产潜力进行了初步的分析研究。结果表明,模拟的小麦/玉米-晚稻种植制度的气候生产潜力比小麦-单季稻高3000kg/ha 左右。指出丹阳的小麦生产应以挖掘、提高土壤自然生产潜力为主,而单季稻的生产则应以提高品种的气候生产潜力为方向。 相似文献
7.
Scott Murtishaw Jayant Sathaye Christina Galitsky Kristel Dorion 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(3):645-665
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA)
conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation
of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one
for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting.
Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent
years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to
estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh
(using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants
offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the
rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of
their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh.
Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central
America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output
data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from
205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement. 相似文献
8.
吉林省的风能潜力(英文) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近两年我国电力突然短缺,已经引起政府的高度重视。由于我国风电发展的紧迫性和风电发展的潜力,特别是国际上正在如火如荼地开发风电的情景,中国- 奥地利政府间双边合作计划将风电评估列入2001~2003 年度合作计划,论文是该计划的成果之一。以我国吉林省为研究对象,采用广泛使用的风机选址算法和空间分布诊断程序( WAsP和ZAWIMOD2),运用数字地形图和遥感资料获得的土地利用图,进而得到数字化的表面粗糙度,再对吉林省的风能潜力进行估算。完成了近1km2 分辨率的距地面60m高度的风速和风能密度计算,并制作了它们的分布图。这是我国第一次在较大区域上估算距地面60m 高度的风速和风能密度,其方法对我国风电资源的评估有重要的借鉴作用。结果显示最有效的风能资源在吉林省的中西部地区,而南部和东部的高风资源区位于山脊和山顶,对风能的开发有一定的限制。 相似文献
9.
海南岛水稻气候生产潜力和人口承载量的估算 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文从海南岛自然优势出发,采用联合国粮农组织《产量与水的关系》中介绍的气候生产潜力的农业生态方法: 计算了海南水稻的气候生产潜力,从海南岛水稻生产和人口的现状出发,采用灰色系统中的GM(1,1)预测模型:计算和探讨了当前和未来水稻生产的人口承载量问题。试图揭示水稻生产的现状、问题和发展前景,为全岛水稻的产、销、购提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
Taylor AJ 《Disasters》1983,7(1):37-40
This paper defines the various levels within government, the voluntary agencies and the community which might benefit from training and makes suggestions as to where the emphasis should be placed. It points out that training programmes should be designed to meet the expressed needs of a particular group of trainees as well as be related to the current or potential disaster situation. 相似文献