应用XAD系列树脂分离和富集天然水体中溶解有机质的研究进展

溶解有机质(dissolvedorganicmatter,DOM)是一类由腐殖质和非腐殖质构成的非均质混合物,广泛存在于土壤、煤炭和水体中,产生重要的生态环境效应。溶解有机质中相似组分的分离一直是有机质研究的难点。近年来,随着XAD树脂分离技术在DOM分离中的广泛应用,腐殖质和非腐殖质的分离取得了很大进展,文章对这些方法进行了详细的综述,并做了进一步的展望。     

Volatilization characteristics of organic solutes in stirred solution

The effects of turbulence intensity (velocity gradient, G (s⁻¹)), Henry's law constant (H), and molecular weight (M) on the volatilization rates of organic compounds are examined using changes in the mass transfer coefficients (K_OL (cm/min)) under specific liquid-mixing intensities. The selected compounds were divided into three groups according to their H values (mole in gas/mole in liquid, dimensionless), which ranged from 10² to 10⁻⁵. The relationship of the K_OL relative to G, H and M was obtained via multiple regression. The obtained values of these parameters indicate that the primary factor affecting the K_OL values of the high H compounds is their M values. The effects of the H values on the K_OL values of the high H compounds can be neglected. On the other hand, the H value is the major factor determining the K_OL values of the low H compounds. The changes in the K_OL values of the different H compounds exhibit different profiles as the liquid-mixing intensity increases. The M and H values of middle H compounds possibly affect their K_OL values. The effects of the liquid-mixing intensity on the K_OL values of the organic compounds increase with increasing H values. The variation in the K_OL values might be a result of the concentration of the organic compounds at the interface between the liquid and gas films. The empirical relationship between K_OL and some selected parameters, G, H and M, is examined in this study. The obtained results can help to estimate volatilization loss of organic solutes in wastewater treatment facilities.     

青海湖樊氏盐单胞菌QHL5四氢嘧啶合成影响因素分析

以青海湖野生菌株Halomonas ventosae QHL5为材料,初步探讨了多种因素对胞内相容溶质四氢嘧啶(Ectoine)合成的影响.通过设置OSM培养基(Oesterhelt-Stoeckenius medium)的不同单因素诱导条件(Na+、K+、Mg2+、p H和温度等),培养QHL5菌株,并采用80%乙醇抽提QHL5胞内四氢嘧啶,进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量检测.结果表明,QHL5胞内四氢嘧啶积聚的最佳单因素培养条件为Na+浓度为1.5 mol·L-1,K+浓度为0.75 mol·L-1,Mg2+浓度为0.2 mol·L-1,p H 8.0和35℃.在优化条件下,QHL5积聚的四氢嘧啶最大浓度为379.6±8.26 mg·L-1,达到167.1±3.64 mg·g-1细胞干重.QHL5胞内的四氢嘧啶合成受到Na+的渗透刺激作用,生物量却受到高浓度Na+的抑制,低浓度Mg2+(0.1—0.6 mol·L-1)和中浓度的K+(0.5—1.2 mol·L-1)对四氢嘧啶的生物合成具有重要的渗透刺激作用.与已报道的四氢嘧啶合成菌株相比,QHL5能合成单一的、高浓度的四氢嘧啶,具备潜在的商业制备和应用开发价值.     

黄土区洛川塬地下水化学特征及影响因素分析

地下水是黄土塬区的主要水源,探讨其水化学特征及控制因素对于地下水资源合理利用和有效管理具有重要意义.以洛川塬为研究区域,通过该区2015～2017年采集的地下水的阴阳离子测定,运用Piper图、Gibbs图、相关性分析和正演模型等方法,对地下水的水化学特征及其控制因素进行了分析.结果表明:①地下水为弱碱性低矿化度水,水化学类型为CaMg-HCO_3型;②地下水的离子浓度特别是Na~+、Ca~(2+)和HCO_3离子有时空变异,可能受降水淋溶土壤、阳离子交换和地下水的水平流动等因素影响.③影响地下水离子浓度的主要因素为碳酸岩和硅酸岩风化作用,其中碳酸盐岩风化平均贡献率介于47%～85%,硅酸盐岩风化的贡献率介于6%～38%.蒸发岩溶解、人类活动及大气输入的贡献非常小,平均贡献率均小于5%.可见,深厚的黄土为优质地下水的储存提供了良好的条件,目前水质仍然受自然因素主导.     

LINE SOURCE DISPERSION WITH APPLICATION TO MIXING IN RIVER CHANNELS1

ABSTRACT: Two-dimensional solutions for transient dispersion of nonconservative dispersants in uniform flow resulting from a transverse line source of variable concentration are obtained using multiple integral transformations. In general, the solutions are in integral forms, which can be efficiently evaluated using Filon's quadratures. Examples are presented for cases of practical interest. Applicability of the solution for modeling dispersion in natural river channel where the distribution of flows across the channel are nonuniform is discussed.     

正渗透中驱动溶质反渗模型的建立与实验验证

<正>渗透过程能够有效运行的一个前提条件是要求驱动溶质反向扩散的通量非常小。为了深入了解正渗透过程中驱动溶质反渗对膜分离过程的影响,以现有的浓差极化模型为基础,建立正渗透过程不同操作模式下驱动溶质的反渗通量以及膜通量的数学模型。为证明模型的准确性,以Na Cl为驱动液做一组序批式实验,测出不同初始渗透压下的水通量和反渗通量,将实验值与模型预测值比较,发现模型的预测结果与实验结果高度吻合。     

嗜盐菌相溶物质合成与转运调节机制

嗜盐菌是极端环境微生物的重要类群之一,作为新型微生物资源,为微生物生理、遗传分类及生命科学和相关学科许多领域的研究提供新的课题.文章综述了嗜盐菌的嗜盐渗透压分子调节机理中,相溶物质胞外吸收转运与胞内生物合成途径涉及的结构基因、主要酶类的相关研究进展,并对后续研究进行讨论与展望.     

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic（Ⅴ） adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe_2O_3 and AL_2O_3.The test results indicate that chloride,nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects,and that selenium(Ⅳ)(Se(Ⅳ))and vanadium(Ⅴ)(V(Ⅴ)) showed slight effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3.The results also showed that adsorption of As(Ⅴ)on AL_2O_3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions,but slightly by Se(Ⅳ)and V(Ⅴ)ions.Unlike the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3,that with Fe_2O_3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions.Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.Compared to the other tested anions,phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.In general,Fe_2O_3 has a better performance than Al_2O_3 in removal of As(Ⅴ)within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.     

Effect of atmospheric precipitation on the dissolved loads of the Dongjiang River, China

IntroductionTheatmosphericprecipitationhaslongbeenrecognizedasprovidinganinputofsubstancetothesurfacewaterandasourceofelementscarriedbyrivers (Stallard ,1981;Meybeck ,1983) .Itisestimatedthatapproximately 3 0 %ofsoluteloadsofworldriversarederivedfromthera…     

Cosolvency. I. some non‐hydrogen bonding solutes with non‐hydrogen bonding solvents

The solubility data for a series of non‐hydrogen bonding, monosubstituted benzenes in binary mixtures of water and non‐hydrogen bonding cosolvents is presented. Good correlation between log solubility and fraction cosolvent is obtained, therefore the estimation of solubility in mixed solvents by a log‐linear relationship can be attained. Slight positive or negative deviations from predicted solubility values are seen at high volume fractions of cosolvents. These deviations are attributed to the cosolvent‐water interactions.