弹用聚酰胺材料老化试验研究

以聚酰胺材料老化试验为例,讨论了储存寿命预测的分析技术、试验设计技术;提出了影响试验准确性的因素和解决问题的方法,因素包括试验样品选择、考核性能选择、试验方法选择、产品环境剖面分析、热老化温度确定等。     

有机大分子对聚酰胺复合纳滤膜偏硅酸钠污染的影响

选用腐殖酸(HA),海藻酸钠(SA),牛血清蛋白(BSA)和偏硅酸钠分别模拟水体中有机大分子和无机污染物对聚酰胺复合纳滤膜进行了膜污染试验.结合原子力显微镜(AFM)及自制的胶体探针定量测定了不同条件下,膜-偏硅酸钠以及偏硅酸钠-偏硅酸钠之间的作用力.分析了污染膜的表面结构特征及其通量恢复率,系统考察了膜表面吸附不同有机大分子后,对随后硅酸盐污染行为的影响.结果表明:膜表面吸附HA和SA后,膜面负电位增加,与偏硅酸钠之间静电斥力变大,导致其结合能力减弱,减缓了结垢污染.然而,吸附BSA后的膜与无有机条件膜相比,负电位基本一致,故对纳滤膜结垢过程几乎无影响.     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.     

Electroactive polyamide modified carbon paste electrode for the determination of ascorbic acid

Construction electroactive polyamide (EPA) with aniline-pentamer-based in the main chain has been modified on the surface of carbon paste electrode (CPE) for detecting ascorbic acid (AA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies confirm the well-defined molecular structure of the oligoaniline and EPA. Further, the in situ chemical oxidation of EPA was monitored by UV-Visible absorption spectrum. The electroactivity of the EPA was evaluated by performing electrochemical cyclic voltammetry study. The sensing response studies have revealed that this EPA-modified CPE electrode can detect AA in the range of 0.05–0.7 mM with detection limit of 0.005 mM and sensitivity of 1.5 × 10^–5 AmM^–1. Besides, this EPA-modified CPE electrode shows a minimal relative standard deviation of 1.73%.     

本质阻燃PA纤维及纤维（织物）阻燃技术最近进展

本文首先概论了纤维（织物）阻燃技术,其次重点讨论了两种含磷本质阻燃PA纤维,一种是由含磷羟基羧酸或含磷二元羧酸与己二胺及己二酸共缩聚而后纺丝制得．另一种是用螺环磷酰氯与PA66及PA6纤维反应制得,后者具膨胀性。最后是综述了纤维（织物）阻燃技术的最新进展,包括新型表面改性技术及纳米技术等。     

固定化厌氧微生物多孔囊状聚酰胺载体的研制

采用界面聚合方法制备出固定化厌氧微生物多孔囊状聚酰胺载体。该载体壁薄,内外表面粗糙多孔,具有典型的囊状空间、较高的孔体积和比表面积。将该载体用于厌氧法处理人工合成废水,同一时间的沼气产量高于使用基体型多孔聚合物载体和未使用载体时的沼气产量,在3种情况下的36d累积沼气产量分别为1430,1210,875mL。使用电子扫描电镜观察固定化微生物载体,发现有大量的厌氧菌群生长在载体内外表面。实验结果表明,该载体固定厌氧微生物的性能良好。     

聚酰殷老化研究的进展

详述了国内外聚酰胺的老化研究现状及研究方法．重点介绍了聚酰胺老化试验方法及老化分析方法．并指出了聚酰胺老化研究的发展趋势,为聚酰胺防老化研究提供了手段和方法参考。     

不同聚合物类型微塑料浸出液的表征及其对生菜种子萌发的影响

土壤中微塑料积累可影响植物种子萌发与生长,但其物质溶出对植物造成的化学风险尚不明确.为探究微塑料浸出液对生菜（Lactuca sativa L.）的毒性效应,以聚酰胺（PA）和聚乙烯（PE）制备的微塑料纤维为对象,考察不同浸提温度（25℃和50℃）下两种微塑料浸出液中可溶性有机碳、氮（DOC和DON）溶出情况及紫外光谱学参数变化,并开展种子发芽试验.结果表明,聚酰胺微塑料PA在浸出液中DOC和DON的溶出量远高于聚乙烯微塑料PE,且DOC和DON浓度随着浸提温度的提高而增加.微塑料的聚合物类型显著影响了浸出液的芳香性、疏水性组分含量及分子量等参数,而浸提温度则无显著性影响.与对照组相比,微塑料浸出液均降低了生菜种子的发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标,而对株高、根长、鲜重和干重等农艺特征指标影响较小.同时,微塑料浸出液造成了部分种子胚根和子叶的发育异常.研究表明微塑料浸出的物质对生菜种子萌发过程具有一定的干扰作用,需着重考虑微塑料对土壤-植物系统产生的化学风险.     

老化前后微塑料对富里酸的吸附

由于微塑料(MPs)在地表水环境中的广泛存在以及对水中有机污染物的较强吸附能力,其与地表水中天然有机物间的相互作用不容忽视.为深入了解微塑料对天然有机物的影响,开展了老化前后聚酰胺66(PA66)和聚丙烯(PP)两种微塑料吸附富里酸(FA)的研究.结果表明,老化前后的微塑料吸附富里酸的试验数据较好地拟合了准二级动力学模...     

溶液特性及共存物对纳滤膜去除水中全氟辛酸的影响

利用聚酰胺复合纳滤(NF)膜去除水中的持久性有机污染物—全氟辛酸(PFOA),分别研究了PFOA浓度、溶液离子强度、pH值、典型大分子有机物—牛血清蛋白(BSA)以及BSA与Na+共存对PFOA截留率的影响.结果表明,在0.8MPa下过滤24h,随着PFOA浓度增大,PFOA截留率提高;溶液离子强度、pH值越高,PFO...