ABR工艺预处理木薯酒糟废水的工程应用

木薯酒糟废水有机物浓度高、悬浮物含量大、pH呈酸性、可生化性能较差 ,通常直接采用固液分离—厌氧 (UASB)—好氧曝气生化法处理效果并不理想 ,而采用ABR工艺进行厌氧水解酸化预处理木薯酒糟废水迄今为止未见报道。经绵阳市酒厂废水治理工程证明 ,强化ABR预处理工序是保证后续处理措施能否正常运行的关键     

抗生素制药废水的处理

锦州九泰制药废水属于不易生化类废水，废水量1000m^3/d，污水站总投资140万元。本文阐述了该工程的水质、预处理、生化处理工艺、活性污泥的培养与驯化及运行效果与设计特点。     

Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of thermal hydrolysis pretreated swine manure: Process performance, microbial communities and energy balance

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50 ± 1 °C) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170 °C/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD: RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD: TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD), and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8 ± 40.5 mL-CH₄/g-VS/day) among the tests (p < 0.05). Although TAD was more likely to induce free ammonia (> 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%−90.0%) in archaea community, followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (−17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode.     

Biological pretreatment of Yellow River water

Bio-ceramic filter(BF) and moving-bed biofilm reactor(MBBR) were used for biological pretreatment of Yellow River water in this study. The BF only had slight advantage over MBBR for TOC and ammonia removal. However, like UV254, the average removal rate of THMFP in the BF was much higher than that in the MBBR. UV254 removal did not show obvious correlation with trihalomethane formation potential(THMFP) removal. Hexachlorocyclohexane could be effectively removed in both BF and MBBR. As for diatom and cyanobateria removal the MBBR had better performance than the BF, which was contrary to the average chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) removal rate. The proposal was made in this study that biological flocculation and sedimentation of sloughed biofilm should play a more important role on algae removal in the MBBR than in the BF. The BF and MBBR could effectively remove microcystins. Moreover, MBBR could be a promising technology for biological pretreatment.     

物化—生化组合工艺在鱼油工业废水处理中的应用

针对鱼油工业废水排放特点及处理技术难点，结合实例，采用混凝、破乳进行物化预处理；采用A／O生化处理技术，提出合适的工艺流程。     

南方某市水源水、自来水的致突变活性现状与改善对策

用Ａｍｅｓ试验方法评价现有水处理工艺与模拟水厂水处理工艺对水的致突变活性的控制效果。结果表明,水源水的致突变活性呈阳性,Ｔ（传统处理）工艺出水致突变活性进一步增强;ＢＴ（Ｂ为生物处理）工艺能使致突变活性降低,但仍为阳性;ＢＴＣ（Ｃ为活性炭）、ＯＢＴＣ（Ｏ代表臭氧）组合工艺能有效去除和控制水中的致突物,使水的致突变活性转变为阴性反应。     

污泥预处理强化厌氧水解与产甲烷实验研究

污泥传统厌氧消化因水解瓶颈而导致有机物转化甲烷产率低下。选择适当工况对污泥实施预处理可同时实现对污泥中木质纤维素破稳和污泥微生物细胞破壁,从而释放出较多溶解性COD(SCOD),使有机物水解变得容易进行,最终导致甲烷产率大幅提高。本研究通过热水解(T=150℃,t=30 min)、超声波(P=500 W,t=2 h)、碱解(pH=13,t=2 h)和酸解(pH=2,t=2 h)等4种预处理方式对原污泥实施最优工况预处理,分别获得了50.9%、39.1%、31.0%和22.4%的COD溶出率。对预处理后污泥进行传统条件下(SRT=20 d)厌氧消化,分别获得了53.6%、40%、26.8%和24%的甲烷产率(mL/g VSS)增量。同时,预处理后污泥中木质纤维素类物质降解率亦大大增加。缩短SRT(10 d)会导致传统厌氧消化甲烷产率急剧减少,但是,污泥预处理却非常有利于甲烷产率的提高,因此可通过外在预处理方式来逾越内在厌氧水解的瓶颈。     

浓磷酸预处理废弃棉织物回收葡萄糖和涤纶的优化

为了实现废弃棉织物的高效资源化利用,采用浓磷酸预处理,将棉纤维转化为葡萄糖,并回收高纯度涤纶.以磷酸浓度、磷酸与原料液固比、预处理温度和时间为研究对象,以涤纶回收纯度、葡萄糖收率为考察指标,采用中心组合设计(CCD),建立响应面模型对预处理工艺参数进行优化.并确定了最佳的浓磷酸预处理工艺条件为:磷酸质量分数85%,液固比15:1,预处理时间7 h,预处理温度50℃.在此条件下涤纶回收纯度可达100%,葡萄糖收率可达79.0%,且实验验证值与模型预测值较为接近,模型精度较高.此外,再生纤维素不经干燥直接酶水解,葡萄糖收率可被进一步提高至83.0%.     

氧化铁改性砂联合生物预处理对氨氮的吸附特性

对含氨氮(NH3-N)的微污染原水,采用自制氧化铁改性石英砂(iron oxide coated sand,IOCS)滤料强化过滤与生物预处理技术联合,进行强化处理与吸附效果研究.结果表明,采用强化挂膜法,生物预处理反应器的生物膜成熟期约为7 d,其对氨氮的去除率为60%~70%,但反应器中存在亚硝酸盐氮积累的现象.IOCS与生物预处理技术联合,对NH3-N的平均去除率为84.67%,出水NH3-N浓度均低于0.5 mg/L,NO2--N含量趋于0;而普通石英砂(RQS)在同等条件下,对氨氮的去除效果不稳定,平均去除率为74.31%,出水NH3-N平均浓度未达标,对NO2--N平均去除率仅有33.29%.在4 m/h滤速工况下,与生物预处理技术联合,IOCS和RQS对NH3-N最高去除率分别为94.3%和82.72%.IOCS与RQS的表面形态结构存在明显差异:前者的表面结构更加复杂多孔,比表面积大,有利于生物牢固附着;后者表面较光滑,比表面积小,挂膜后生物易脱落.     

酸化-复合絮凝法预处理煤化工废水

煤化工废水是一种高浓度难降解的化工废水,需要进行预处理以降低后续深度处理的负荷。在煤化工废水过滤和酸化沉降的基础上,分别选取聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和明矾(KA1(SO4 )2·12H2O)3种絮凝剂对酸化处理后的煤化工废水进行絮凝沉淀实验并比较其处理效果,从而选出最佳絮凝剂PFS,并用PFS配合助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作复合絮凝剂处理煤化工废水;同时探讨了其他两种絮凝剂分别和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复配的效果。研究表明:过滤后废水在pH=3时达到最佳酸化条件;在pH=8时采用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)以50:1质量比复配效果最好,废水COD去除率达到最大77.83%;氨氮、挥发酚和色度也明显降低,其去除率分别达到83.70%、69.01%和95.71%。该最佳预处理方案成本低、操作简单,是一种预处理煤化工废水经济有效的途径。