Effects of Desertification Caused by Lithophaga lithophaga (Mollusca) Fishery on Littoral Fish Assemblages along Rocky Coasts of Southeastern Italy

Abstract:  We surveyed shallow, rocky reefs in southwestern Apulia (Mediterranean Sea) to assess the effects on coastal fish assemblages of the date mussel (  Lithophaga lithophaga ) fishery, an illegal practice that strips the rocky reef bare. We visually sampled fish four times over 15 months at three locations, one affected by date-mussel fishery and two controls. The fish assemblage at the affected location differed significantly from those at the control locations over all sampling times. Herbivorous fishes, sparids, and labrids (genus Symphodus ) contributed most to the differences between the affected location and controls. Lower densities of Symphodus spp. were observed at the affected location, whereas detritivorous fishes were recorded exclusively at control sites. Small serranids and sparids showed temporal trends that differed between the affected location and the control locations. Our results suggest that the date-mussel fishery affects fish assemblages chiefly through reduction of arborescent macroalgae (contributing to habitat complexity and primary production) and emphasize the need for more effective policing against this destructive practice.     

表面活性剂增强修复地下水中PCE的砂箱实验及模拟

在石英砂充填的二维砂箱中开展表面活性剂（Tween 80）冲洗四氯乙烯（PCE）的修复实验,基于图像分析技术监测不同污染源区结构条件下NAPL相的去除过程.由于实验条件限制,实验中缺乏溶解相浓度数据.为此进一步基于UTCHEM数值模拟方法来理解NAPL相和溶解态之间的质量传输过程,并探讨表面活性剂浓度、注入速率等因素对修复效率的影响.综合砂箱实验和数值模拟结果表明：介质均质和非均质条件下会形成不同类型DNAPL污染源区结构,表现为离散状PCE与池状PCE体积比（GTP）差异.由于离散状污染物与表面活性剂的接触面积更大,更易被优先去除;初始GTP值越高,污染物的修复速率和修复效率也越高.增大表面活性剂浓度或提高表面活性剂的注入速率,虽然能提高DNAPL的修复速率,但会明显降低表面活性剂的修复效率,实验过程中修复效率降幅可达93%.线性驱动溶解模型可以有效地模拟表面活性剂修复DNAPLs过程,基于数值模拟方法选择合适的表面活性剂配比可有效的节省实际污染场址修复经费和时间成本.     

潜水含水层水位观测孔水位伪变化的观测与分析

结合CIRP试验场包气带的介质结构及渗透性特征，在S9孔进行了短期的孔中水位、孔口气压和温度测量，测量结果表明，观测孔水位波动与大气压变化有关，水位波动具有伪变化。水位伪变化对于试验场潜水位的监测有一定影响，因此，应对带有伪变化的水位观测结果进行必要的修正，以反映潜水位的真实动态。     

淮河流域平原区第四系含水层划分及特征分析

以中国地质调查局资助的《淮河流域环境地质调查》项目为依托,对收集到的区域基础地质和水文地质资料进行了二次开发。并根据近三年来淮河流域环境地质调查项目新取得的水文地质钻孔资料、水化学及同位素样品分析结果,科学地对淮河流域平原区第四系含水层进行了划分和印证,结合项目阶段研究成果,对淮河流域平原区第四系含水层特征进行了初步分析和总结。     

鲁西平原微咸水资源的开发意义

鲁西平原处于黄泛平原的尾闾地段,常受旱涝盐咸多种危害。本文分析了浅层微咸水的形成、水质及动态特征,对水质、水量进行了评价,探讨了开发利用微咸水的可能性及灌溉效益。农业上开采浅层微咸水,无疑对扩大地下水资源及促进鲁西平原水、土环境的良性循环有重大意义。     

城市地铁暗挖施工地层变形机理及控制实践

笔者结合深圳地铁一期工程的某些暗挖标段工程及地质条件 ,在土层性质试验研究的基础上 ,深入分析了地层大变形机理及其主要影响因素 ,由此确定了地层大变形控制的原则和技术措施。在施工中 ,应用地层变形控制原则及相应的综合技术措施后 ,使地层变形大幅度降低 ,满足了地表环境保护的要求 ,取得了预期的效果     

TRANSIENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR CONJUNCTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SNAKE RIVER PLAIN,IDAHO1

ABSTRACT: Increasing demands on western water are causing a mounting need for the conjunctive management of surface water and ground water resources. Under western water law, the senior water rights holder has priority over the junior water rights holder in times of water shortage. Water managers have been reluctant to conjunctively manage surface water and ground water resources because of the difficulty of quantification of the impacts to surface water resources from ground water stresses. Impacts from ground water use can take years to propagate through an aquifer system. Prediction of the degree of impact to surface water resources over time and the spatial distribution of impacts is very difficult. Response functions mathematically describe the relationship between a unit ground water stress applied at a specific location and stream depletion or aquifer water level change elsewhere in the system. Response functions can be used to help quantify the spatial and temporal impacts to surface water resources caused by ground water pumping. This paper describes the theory of response functions and presents an application of transient response functions in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. Transient response functions can be used to facilitate the conjunctive management of surface and ground water not only in the eastern Snake River Plain basin, but also in similar basins throughout the western United States.     

Interconnectivity between the Superficial Aquifer and the Deep Confined Aquifers of the Gnangara Mound, Western Australia

Perth groundwater resources are obtained from three major aquifers that occur beneath the Perth metropolitan area: the Superficial aquifer, Leederville aquifer and Yarragadee aquifer. Each aquifer has a unique seasonal water level pattern controlled by soils, geomorphology and geology. Landuse is mainly responsible for variations in recharge; however, the hydraulic properties control aquifer response and water level pattern to a greater degree. Groundwater in the three aquifers is generally of very good quality except in localised areas. Salinity increases with depth and in direction of groundwater flow in the three aquifers. The best water quality is in the Superficial aquifer in the Wanneroo well field area. The geochemistry and stable isotope signatures from the three major aquifers revealed distinct water types that suggest very little hydraulic connection or mixing of waters between these aquifers at the present abstraction and recharge regimes. The results also show that the Leederville and Yarragadee aquifers were recharged during earlier cooler times while the Superficial aquifer is being recharged at present.     

三峡库区小流域不同土地利用类型“土壤-水体”氮磷含量特征及其相互关系

利用长期田间监测数据,分析了三峡库区典型农业小流域不同土地利用类型土壤、浅层地下水氮磷含量分异特征,剖析了坡面土壤氮磷含量与浅层地下水、坡面地表径流氮磷浓度的相互关系.结果表明梯田的土壤TN平均含量显著(P0.05)高于坡耕地,水田梯田平均含量1.49 g·kg~(-1)最高;旱地坡耕地和桑树套种坡耕地土壤TP平均含量显著高于其它地类;旱地梯田土壤NO_3~--N平均含量最高,离散程度最大.坡面土地利用类型对浅层地下水TN、NO_3~--N浓度影响较大,但对TP浓度影响较小;流域浅层地下水TN浓度与NO_3~--N浓度呈极显著正相关,不同坡面浅层地下水NO_3~--N对TN平均贡献率在67.82%~78.51%之间;浅层地下水TN、NO_3~--N月平均浓度变化规律基本一致,春秋两季农作物施肥后均呈现明显上升趋势.坡面土壤TN平均含量与浅层地下水TN浓度呈显著指数关系,坡面土壤NO_3~--N平均含量与浅层地下水NO_3~--N浓度呈对数关系,但与坡面地表径流TN、NO_3~--N浓度无显著相关性;当坡面地表径流TP浓度0.1 mg·L~(-1)时,坡面土壤TP平均含量与其呈显著线性相关;坡面地表径流与浅层地下水TN、NO_3~--N浓度均呈显著幂函数关系,且NO_3~--N相关性更好.     

四川红层浅层风化带裂隙水水化学特征的聚类分析

四川红层盆地浅层风化带裂隙水是区内分布最为广泛和目前开采最多的浅层地下水类型,本文通过对大量控制性水样分析结果进行聚类分析,探讨了该地区浅层风化带裂隙水的水化学成分特征及其分布规律,结果表明区内91%以上的浅层风化带裂隙水为HCO3-型淡水,主要分布在中部方山丘陵小区、南部台状低山丘陵小区和东部侵蚀构造平行岭谷低山丘陵小区。该研究可为开发利用浅层地下水提供地学依据。