土壤胡敏素对铜离子的吸附作用及其机理研究

以暗棕壤为供试土壤,研究了不同溶液pH值、离子强度、接触时间、反应温度和初始铜离子(Cu~(2+))浓度条件下,胡敏素对Cu~(2+)的吸附作用;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能量色散谱(EDS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS),对胡敏素/胡敏素-Cu~(2+)复合物的表面形貌、元素分布和官能团组成进行了分析;应用延展X-射线吸收精细结构谱(EXAFS),对吸附态Cu~(2+)的局域配位结构进行了表征.结果表明:胡敏素对Cu~(2+)的吸附量随pH值、接触时间、反应温度和Cu~(2+)浓度的增加而增加,但随离子强度的增加而下降;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,而吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果较好;吸附过程需要能量,是自发、吸热和自由度增加的缔合反应;吸附Cu~(2+)之后,胡敏素表面产生了团聚现象,表面羧基、羟基、吡啶氮和N—O基团参与了Cu~(2+)的吸附作用,同时吸附态Cu~(2+)是以内层配位形式与胡敏素表面的O/N和C原子结合.     

海上平台保温管线腐蚀控制技术研究

针对工艺管道保温层下的腐蚀,从腐蚀的特点入手,重点介绍了高精度、定量化γ射线检测技术、光纤在线监测技术及新型外防护层材料在保温层下腐蚀控制中的应用情况。     

峰面积法和逆矩阵法解析NaI(TI)谱仪γ射线谱的比较

通过实测、比对和理论分析,对分辩率较差的N     

高纯锗（HPGe）γ谱仪对环境样品的探测效率刻度

用混合单能γ核素体γ标准源和＾１５２Ｅｕ体标准源对ＨＰＧｅγ尖仪作效率刻度，取得两条效率的刻度曲线，用这两条效率曲线对国家环保局１９９５年组织的比对样 和活度测量，取得了很好的结果。     

东莞市雨季大气中的硝酸盐粒子

本文对雨季东莞大气中的硝酸盐粒子进行了两年的观察,以探讨大气中硝酸盐粒子的形成机理以及它在大气中的作用.粒子主要通过Anderson中的二级粒子撞击器分为二部分粗大粒子(r＞1.0(m)和微小粒子(r≤1.0(m).对单个粒子用复合薄膜法和X能谱分析法进行了分析.每月采集的粒子总量用离子色谱进行了总体分析.对单个粒子的分析发现,细粒子主要是硝酸和氨气通过均相反应而形成的硝酸铵,粗粒子中的硝酸盐主要是硝酸与海盐粒子生成含NaNO3的混合粒子或与陆地土壤粒子中的Ca2+、Mg2+等碱性离子生成盐.总体分析法结果表明,NO-3,Ca+2和Na+主要在粗大粒子中.说明这两种方法的结果是一致的.由于东莞大气中的硝酸盐粒子中的粗大粒子比微小粒子易沉降且不易挥发,粗大硝酸盐粒子有可能起着最终消除东莞大气中硝酸的作用.     

BaO/γ-Al2O3同时吸附脱除一氧化氮和二氧化硫

利用固定床连续流动反应器研究了BaO／γ—Al2O，同时吸附模拟烟气中NO和SO2的工艺条件和再生循环使用性能，对BaO／γ—Al2O3进行了比表面积和程序升温表面反应（TPSR）等表征分析。结果表明，BaO／γ—Al2O3的适宜工艺条件是SO2与NO体积比为2．9～8．4、原料气中O2体积分数大于4．5％、吸附温度448～523K。BaO／γ—Al2O3在循环使用过程中吸附能力下降。与NOXSO吸附催化剂Na2CO3／γ—Al2O3相比，BaO／γ-Al2O3同时吸附SO2和NO的能力大、再生循环使用性能好、适宜的SO2与NO体积比范围宽、热稳定性好。将BaO／γ—Al2O3应用于NOXSO工艺可望提高该工艺的脱硫、脱氮效率。     

进口含铅物料的固体废物属性鉴别程序及方法

通过对不同种类进口含铅物料的固体废物属性鉴别,得到了进口含铅物料的固体废物属性鉴别程序及方法,共包括3步:第1步,利用肉眼观察物料的外观特征、X射线荧光光谱分析主要成分及其质量分数以及X射线衍射光谱、矿相显微镜和扫描电镜能谱确认主要物质形态组成,确定物料的自然属性。第2步,将物料的外观特征和试验结果与文献资料进行比对,判断物料的产生工艺,确定物料是该生产工艺中的不合格品、废弃物质或残余物。第3步,根据《固体废物鉴别导则》(试行),判断物料的固体废物属性。在此鉴别的进口含铅物料分别是铅烧结返粉、铅阳极泥和铅冶炼渣,均属于中国禁止进口的固体废物。该研究为进口含铅物料的固体废物属性鉴别和监管提供参考。     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

Formic acid as an alternative reducing agent for the catalytic nitrate reduction in aqueous media

Formic acid was used for the nitrate reduction as a reductant in the presence of Pd:Cu/γ-alumina catalysts. The surface characteristics of the bimetallic catalyst synthesized by wet impregnation were investigated by SEM, TEM-EDS. The metals were not distributed homogeneously on the surface of catalyst, although the total contents of both metals in particles agreed well with the theoretical values. Formic acid decomposition on the catalyst surface, its influence on solution pH and nitrate removal efficacy was investigated. The best removal of nitrate (50 ppm) was obtained under the condition of 0.75 g/L catalyst with Pd:Cu ratio (4:1) and two fold excess of formic acid. Formic acid decay patterns resembled those of nitrate removal, showing a linear relationship between kf (formic acid decay) and k (nitrate removal). Negligible amount of ammonia was detected, and no nitrite was detected, possibly due to buffering effect of bicarbonate that is in situ produced by the decomposition of formic acid, and due to the sustained release of H2 gas.     

某铀尾矿库下游水体及表层沉积物中铀污染特征

沿粤北某铀尾矿库下游水体采集14个水样和11个表层水系沉积物样品,利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)和低本底HPGe-γ能谱仪分别测量了水样和沉积物中铀含量。结果表明,沿着水流方向,水体中铀浓度由2.091 mg/L降到当地环境本底水平0.002 mg/L。流入水库前,水体中铀含量均超过0.05 mg/L。排水口附近以及下游水库中表层沉积物样品的铀含量比溪流中段的高,特别是水库沉积物中含铀703.1 mg/kg,可能会对水质造成长期影响。