稻壳沸石的合成及其对氨氮的吸附/脱附动力学

以稻壳为原料采用水热合成法制备了沸石,运用XRD、SEM和BET技术表征了合成沸石的结构特性。通过静态实验,研究了合成沸石对氨氮的吸附和脱附机理。结果表明：延长水热合成的晶化时间有利于合成沸石晶核的形成,合成沸石比表面积为28.418 m2·g-1,平均孔径为31.1 nm,孔体积为0.22 m3·g-1,属NaP型微介孔吸附材料。伪二级吸附动力学模型更适合描述合成沸石对氨氮的吸附过程,由伪二级吸附动力学模型拟合得到的平衡吸附量与实测值相差在1.0%以内。颗粒内扩散速率是由膜扩散和内扩散共同控制,颗粒内扩散速率常数kp随初始浓度的增加而提高。MNaOH/ANMNaOH/AN的增大,温度对脱附的促进作用变得越来越小,当MNaOH/AN>1.21时,氨氮的脱附率可达92.1%。伪二级脱附动力学模型的拟合结果优于伪一级,碱当量高于临界值之后对提高合成沸石脱附氨氮的效果不大。     

环保型缓蚀剂在油气管道腐蚀防护中的应用

为了延缓油气集输管道的腐蚀速率,延长管道的使用寿命,实验室以丙烯酸(AA)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MA)以及丙烯酸乙酯(EA)为原料,制备了一种环保型缓蚀剂HBY-2,优化了合成工艺条件,并评价了其防腐蚀效果。实验结果表明：在单体的质量分数为20%,单体配比为AA∶MA∶EA=1.2∶1.2∶1.0,引发剂加量为0.5%,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为5 h的合成条件下,制备的环保型缓蚀剂HBY-2的缓蚀效果最好。当HBY-2的加量为0.3%,腐蚀时间为30天时,缓蚀率仍可以达到97.5%,长效腐蚀防护效果较好。在相同的实验条件下,环保型缓蚀剂HBY-2的缓蚀效果明显优于钨酸钠、钼酸钠、硫脲和咪唑啉。现场应用结果表明,油井集输管道中添加缓蚀剂HBY-2后,挂片的腐蚀速率均明显降低。研究结果认为,制备的环保型缓蚀剂HBY-2能够满足油气集输管道的腐蚀防护需求,降低管道的腐蚀速率,延长其使用寿命。     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₃O₄ > MnO₂ > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

新显色剂二溴邻羧基偶氮氯膦的合成及其应用于测定水的硬度和钙镁含量

研究了新显色剂二溴邻羧基偶氮氯膦的合成方法和该试剂的纯化新方法．并研究了在硼砂———氢氧化钠缓冲条件下，在三乙醇胺掩蔽下测定水的总硬度；在 Ｎ Ｈ３ — Ｎ Ｈ４ Ｃｌ 缓冲溶液中用三乙醇胺和 Ｚｎ － Ｅ Ｇ Ｔ Ａ（ 掩蔽钙） 掩蔽条件下直接测定镁，从而可以测定钙含量．法使用简便，快速可行．     

聚硅硫酸铝混凝剂的性能研究

以硫酸铝、水玻璃和铝酸钠为原料合成了具有不同B值和不同Si/Al摩尔比的聚硅硫酸铝 (PASS)混凝剂 .初步研究了这类混凝剂的合成反应过程和分子量分布 ,深入探讨了其除浊效果、残留铝浓度、除油效果和电泳特性 .实验表明 ,B值对产品中铝的浓度影响较大 ,硅的存在可提高产品的聚合度 ;产品有较好的除浊、除油效果 ,尤其是对低浊度水除浊效果更佳 ;除浊后水中残留铝浓度较低 ;电泳研究表明 ,PASS在混凝过程中表现出吸附架桥作用特性     

高盐基度聚合硫酸铁的合成与应用

介绍了高盐基度聚合硫酸铁的合成方法。讨论了影响聚合硫酸铁质量的合成因素，并用其对长江水，造纸黑液进行混凝处理，效果很好。     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成

为制备聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵絮凝剂,采用二步法制备了二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵单体,即在强碱性条件下由烯丙基氯和二甲胺反应先生成二收藏 －烯丙基叔胺,将该叔胺分离出来并再次加入烯丙基氯同会２丙介质中结晶析出委胺晶体。     

电极旋转放电条件下O3合成效率的理论研究

根据低温等离子体理论和电磁场理论，在实验的基础上研究了电极旋转条件下低温等离子体的产生机制和臭氧的合成机制，分析了放电过程中二次放电重叠对臭氧合成的影响，建立了旋转放电与二次放电的理论模型，并根据这一理论模型导出电极旋转条件下的臭氧合成效率与二次放电重叠概率以及电极旋转速度间的理论关系．这一理论结果表明：二次放电重叠使得臭氧合成效率降低，而电极以适当地速度旋转则可以有效地避免二次放电的重叠，从而提高臭氧的合成效率．理论值和实验结果能够较好地吻合．