水处理无机混凝剂的研究进展

概略评述了国内外无机混凝剂的研究进展。无机混凝剂可分为铝盐类、铁盐类、铁铝复合类、活化硅酸等,聚合氯化铝（简称ＰＡＣ）是目前水处理中广泛应用的无机高分子混凝剂。无机复合类混凝剂是近来年发展十分迅速的水处理剂,聚硅酸铝盐类是其中的代表。文中对无机混凝剂今后的研究工作提出了建议,认为在无机混凝剂的研制开发中,要加强应用基础性研究,产品多样化、专门化,要降低生产成本,提高产品质量,进行优化研究。     

氯化亚砜中毒的预防

氯化亚砜是一种无机化合物,主要用于生产医药、农药、染料工业及有机合成工业。近年来,一些地方与企业在生产、运输、装卸、储存与保管氯化亚砜过程中,往往因泄漏而引发群体职业中毒事故。     

无机高分子絮凝剂的开发和研究进展

无机高分子絮凝剂的研制与应用已成为环境科学和化学工作者的热门课题。本文将迄今已开发出的无机高分子絮凝剂，按聚铝、聚铁、复合型、聚硅酸金属盐四大类，分别介绍了他们的制备方法及用途。对其基础理论研究进展情况，作了简要概述，并提出了今后的研究课题。     

电石法聚氯乙烯告别“高汞”时代

汞污染问题是发展中国家和发达国家共同关注的环境问题,作为一个发展中的负责任的大国,我国在汞污染问题上难以置身事外,中国《工业企业设计卫生标准》规定,居住区大气中汞的日平均最高容许浓度为0.0003毫克/米;地面水中汞的最高容许浓度为0.001毫克/升.中国《生活饮用水卫生标准》规定,汞浓度不得超过0.001毫克/升.中国《工业“三废”排放试行标准》规定,汞及其无机化合物最高容许排放浓度为0.05毫克/升(按Hg元素计).此外,汞资源也日渐匮乏,以汞为原料的产业不得不面对无汞可用的窘境.     

北京夏季大气主要含氮无机化合物的变化规律与相互作用

利用SJAC-MOBIC/FIA在2006年8月16日—9月9日在线测量了北京城市大气细颗粒物中主要水溶性含氮离子组分(NO₃^-和 NH₄⁺),与重要含氮气态污染物(HNO₃、HNO₂和 NH₃),以追踪细颗粒物中含氮二次无机组分和含氮气态污染物的变化规律及其相互作用。观测期间,NO₃^- 和 NH₄⁺的平均浓度分别为13.08和11.93 μg/m³,它们与SO₄^2-浓度之和在细颗粒物(PM_2.5)中的平均比例为55%,明显高于其他季节;污染过程中,积聚模态颗粒物体积浓度及其与爱根核模态颗粒物体积浓度比值逐渐增加,说明二次转化是北京夏季细颗粒物的重要来源。白天HONO迅速光解产生OH自由基,而OH自由基是生成HNO₃的重要物种,因此HONO和HNO₃具有相反的日变化规律。在温度较高的白天,大气环境不利于NH₄NO₃的生成与存在;夜间低温高湿的条件下硝酸铵理论平衡系数Ke与气态氨和硝酸的乘积Km相当或低于后者,较有利于NH₄NO₃的生成。北京夏季大气具有足量气态NH₃以中和硫酸盐;但在NO₃^-与阳离子的电荷平衡中,金属阳离子也非常重要。     

人类不要因水而亡!

水是生命之源,婴儿在呱呱坠地之前,就一直徜徉在母亲的羊水里,而长大成人后,水也构成了人类生存的必需元素.水不但组成了我们的人体,也维持着我们每日的生活,让我们代代繁衍,生生不息……     

聚合硫酸铁的制备与应用

本文以铁屑、工业H2SO4为主要原料，在催化剂NaNO2的作用下进行氧化聚合反应，形成高分子无机化合物[Fe2(OH)n(SO4)3-n/2]m。通过废水处理试验，达到满意的效果。     

Effect of organic/inorganic compounds on the enzymes in soil under acid rain stress

IntroductionEnzymeexistsextensivelyinsoil.Itnotonlycanactivatecomplexorganiccompoundchangeintosimpleinorganiccompoundtosupplytheplants(Srivastava ,1991;Hojeong ,1999)butisalsooneofthesoilcapacityindexesaswell(Yu ,1998;Irvinc ,1993;Zeng ,2 0 0 1) .Theactivityofsoilenzymeiseasilyinfluencedbyphysical,chemicalandbiogenicfactorsinenvironment.Whentheenvironmentispolluted,enzymeactivitieschangesignificantly .Theuseofenzymeactivitiesasbioindicatorstoevaluatethedegreeofsoilcontaminationbyheavymetals…     

Evaluating the effects of granular and membrane filtrations on chlorine demand in drinking water

In this study, chlorine decay experiments were conducted for the raw water from Nakdong river that is treated by Chilseo Water Treatment Plant (CWTP) situated in Haman, Korea as well as the effluents from sand and granular activated carbon (GAC) filters of CWTP and fitted using a chlorine decay model. The model estimated the fast and slow reacting nitrogenous as well as organic/inorganic compounds that were present in the water. It was found that the chlorine demand due to fast and slow reacting (FRA and SRA) organic/inorganic substances was not reduced significantly by sand as well as GAC filters. However, the treated effluents from those filters contained FRA and SRA that are less reactive and had small reaction rate constants. For the effluents from microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration the chlorine demand due to FRA and SRA were further reduced but the reaction rate constants were larger compared to those of sand and GAC filter effluents. This has implications in the formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). If DBPs are assumed to form due to the interactions between chlorine and SRA, then it is possible that the DBP formation potential in the effluents from membrane filtrations could be higher than that in the effluents from granular media filters.