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涕灭威的烟草及土壤中残留动态研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
烟草、土壤涕灭威总有毒残留分别用丙酮、丙酮与水混合液提取,过氧乙酸氧化,液-液分配和柱层析净化后,气相色谱检测,方法回收率在83-105%之间,土壤、鲜烟叶和干烟叶中的最小检出浓度分别为0.0135ppm,0.0169ppm和0.0338ppm。 相似文献
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Dyestuffresidue, a type of hazardous waste, is incinerated in the tubular furnace, and thermodynamic equilibrium model is used to calculate and analyze the chlorine behavior. The HCI emission and its effects on the behaviors of heavy metals are studied. Meanwhile, the effects of three dechlorine reagents are predicted at a high temperature. Results show that HCI emission is dependent on incineration temperature. The HCl evaporated mainly derives from the organic chlorine. Under the working condition of 500-- 900℃, the main products of rig, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Mn in reaction with HCl are HgCl2 (g), PbCl4(g), PbCI2 (g), (CuCl)3 (g), NiCl2 (s), NiCl2 (g), ZnCl2 (s), ZnCl2 (g), Zn (g), MnCl2 (s), and MnCl2 (g), respectively. Among the three dechlorine reagents, CaCO3 is optimal to remove chlorine at high temperature, little of HCl is released below 800℃, whereas Fe3O4 is unstable at high temperature. 相似文献
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Ecological effects of crude oil residues on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in three weed rhizospheres 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), jerusalem artichoke (Silphiurn perfoliatum L.) and evening primrose (A colypha australis L.) rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units (CFUs) in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke (S. perfoliatum) rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant (p〉0.05) difference in the Shannon's diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues. 相似文献
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SAIDI Neyla KOUKI Soulwene M' HIRI Fadhel JEDIDI Naceur MAHROUK Meriam HASSEN Abdennaceur OUZARI Hadda 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1452-1458
The aim of this study was to characterize the biological stability and maturity degree of compost during a controlled pile-composting trial of mixed vegetable residues (VR) collected from markets of Tunis City with residues of Posidonia oceanica (PoR), collected from Tunis beaches. The accumulation in beaches (as well as their removal) constitutes a serious environmental problem in all Mediterranean countries particularly in Tunisia. Aerobic-thermophilic composting is the most reasonable way to profit highly-valuable content of organic matter in these wastes for agricultural purposes. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored during composting over 150 d. The most appropriate parameters were selected to establish the maturity degree. The main result of this research was the deduction of the following maturity criterion: (a) C/N ratio < 15; (b) NH4+-N < 400 mg/kg; (c) CO2-C < 2000 mg CO2-C/kg; (d) dehydrogenase activity < 1 mg TPF/g dry matter; (e) germination index (GI) > 80%. These five parameters, considered jointly are indicative of a high maturity degree and thus of a high-quality organic amendment which employed in a rational way, may improve soil fertility and soil quality. The mature compost was relatively rich in N (13.0 g/kg), P (4.74 g/kg) and MgO (15.80 g/kg). Thus composting definitively constitutes the most optimal option to exploit these wastes. 相似文献
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Bioavailability of bound residue derived from 14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and its mechanism of phytotoxicity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape( brassica napus) and rice( Oryza sativa L. ) were investigated. The results showed that the BR with the concentration of 0.28 and 0.56 nmol/g air-dried soil, which was calculated by special radioactivity of ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron parent compound, resulted in significant depression effect on growth of rape seedling. It was assured that the main components(2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-chloro-benzenesul-fonamide) of the BR did not inhibit the growth of rape and rice. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the parent compound previously bound to the soil matrix could be again released and transformed into methanol-extractable residue during the course of rape growth. It was concluded that the molecular leading to the phytotoxicity to rape and rice in the BR is still the parent compound. 相似文献
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从火灾残留物的提取、前处理及实验室分析几个方面论述了目前对火灾残留物分析的研究现状,归纳出常用的前处理方法,其中固相微萃取技术因以无溶剂化对样品进行前处理近年来得到广泛应用,实验室分析方法以GC/MS为主。火灾残留物的分析集中在以汽油和柴油为主的纵火案件中,而化工火灾残留物分析方法研究较少。对于火灾残留物化学分析的图谱数据库有待进一步完善。 相似文献
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乙草胺和丁草胺的水解及其动力学 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19
本文研究了乙草胺和丁草肢在恒温25℃,pH值为4,7,10蒸馏水和河水中的水解动力学.酰胺类除草剂的水解反应属于一级反应.结果显示乙草胺和丁草胺在蒸馏水和河水中的水解速度差不多,在pH 4水溶液中的水解速度较在pH7和10的速度快,H+有催化水解的作用.乙草胺在pH4,7,10的速率常数分别为5×l0-4d-1,3×10-4d-1,3×10-4d-1.半衰期分别为1386d,23l0d,2310d.丁草胺在pH4,7,10的速率常数分别为 l.1× 10-3d-1,6 × 10-4d-1,6 × 10-4d-1.半衰期分别为 630d,1155d,1155d. 相似文献