砷、汞对植物毒性影响及其迁移富集效应探讨

介绍了自然环境中砷、汞的污染来源与污染现状,探讨了砷、汞对植物生长发育、光合作用和抗氧化能力的影响;为了缓解砷、汞对植物的毒害作用,可以添加新一代植物激素、营养元素和改良剂。分析发现,植物对不同浓度砷和汞的敏感程度并不相同,可利用特定植物的富集作用进行环境修复。当前研究主要集中于植物对砷、汞的吸收和转运生理机制,今后还需要加强对超积累植物分子基础的探索。     

四氯汞钾吸收液保存期的探讨

通过两年多的试验，所有试验数据均与国家环保局编审的《空气和废气监测分析方法》中规定的２４个实验室的二氧化硫标准曲线斜率、截距相符合，试验结果表明，用四氯汞钾吸收－盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定空气中二氧化硫的关键试剂－－四氯汞钾吸收液，在密闭和冷藏的条件下，至少可保存２年。     

汞的分析（一）

1 汞样的保护汞及其化合物之所以难以测定,不仅因为汞在环境中的存在量甚微,而且由于本身的性质不稳定,易受共存的组分和微生物的作用,以及离子价态,容器的吸附和环境气温等种种影响.因此,对于汞样的保存,试剂提纯,样品予处理和测定方法一直是测定汞的较大的难题.本文想针对这些难题作进一步讨论,以期有助于汞的分析.     

汞的分析（二）

2 汞样的富集分离与试剂提纯除应用苏州站和苏州267厂研制的WGY—S1型测汞仪外,用其他仪器测定汞,目前一般均需对样品中汞进行富集才能测定.在遇到样品基体干扰时,又须将汞与基体分离.因此,汞样的富集与分离是汞的测定至关重要的一步.     

助催化无汞盐快速测定水中化学需氧量

在ψ（Ｈ２ＳＯ４）＝５６％硫酸介质，重铬酸钾的氧化体系中，以钼权铵，硫酸铝钾为助催化剂，可减少量化剂硫酸银的用量，消解１５ｍｉｎ即可测定水中化学需氧量，用硝酸银溶液代替硫酸汞去除水氯离子，避免了汞盐的污染，工业废水回收率在９７％～１０１％之间，有较好的准确度。     

Study on the characteristics of air particulate from a petrochem ical com plex industrial site in the Southwestern Beijing

At petrochemical complex industrial sites in the southwestern suburb of Beijmg，oil has been the major energy source．The air particulate samples were collected separate!y for 3-4 consecutive days every month．The results showed that there are apparent correlations among monthly changes of weight of extracts，their mutagenicities and concentrations of PAHs．The weights for the day-time samples were higher than those for the night-time．Wights of extracts．revertant numbers．BαP concentration etc．were all lower for the petrochemical complex industrial site(PCIS)than for iron-steel complex site(ISCS)．However，mutagenicities per unit weight of extracts were higher for PCIS than for ISCS．     

Briefing of activities relating to the studies on the environmental behavior and eco-toxicology of toxic organics

General status of the studies on the environmental behavior and eco-toxicology oftoxic organics was briefly reviewed，with the point of view that these kinds of studies are the requirements of sustainable development．Some current activities in this field were introduced，such as the revisions of OECD guidelines and the aceomplishments of programme on the advanced eva．1uations of chemicals finished recently by the Department of Environment Protection of Sweden．The general trend of emphasis of modelling，prediction from Structure-Activity Relationship was mentioned．In cope with the present serious pollutions by chemicals here in China，further united action ofdifferent disciplinary studies was recommended．